Evaluation of levelling techniques and GNSS positioning methods for 1st order height difference determination
The techniques of leveling used were: precision geometric leveling with equal aims method and electronic level; precision trigonometric leveling - Leap-Frog technique - with medium and high precision total stations; and an adaptation of a methodology recommended by the Brazilian Institute of Geograp...
| Principais autores: | Nicacio, Eurico Lourenço, Santacruz Jaramillo, Andrea Galudht, Zanetti, Gabriel Zehnpfennig, Faggion, Pedro Luis |
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| Formato: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | Português |
| Publicado em: |
Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR)
2018
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| Acesso em linha: |
http://periodicos.utfpr.edu.br/rbgeo/article/view/6889 |
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| Resumo: |
The techniques of leveling used were: precision geometric leveling with equal aims method and electronic level; precision trigonometric leveling - Leap-Frog technique - with medium and high precision total stations; and an adaptation of a methodology recommended by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE for river crossing with precision leveling, using optical level. The different GNSS positioning and processing techniques used were: static relative method with transmitted ephemeris; static relative method with precise ephemeris; and Precise Point Positioning [PPP], from IBGE. After the experiments carried out, it was observed that all the leveling techniques presented accuracy within the limits indicated by IBGE for first order leveling (3mm√k). Regarding the use of GNSS positioning methods, the results obtained were unsatisfactory to the required precision. In particular, the adaptation of the river crossing technique with precision leveling proved to be a possible application for the determination of unevenness that, although old and not very widespread, provided the proper precision to the operation. |
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