Aplicação de polímero orgânico extraído do cacto (Cereus jamacaru) como coagulante principal e associado ao sulfato de alumínio no tratamento de água
The organic polymer extracted from the Mandacaru cactus (Cereus jamacaru) can be used in the clarification water process, due to its relevant role as an inorganic coagulant auxiliary in the coagulation process. In order to make water treatment cheaper and affordable in resource-poor areas, there is...
| Autor principal: | Melo, Jessica Muniz de |
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| Formato: | Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação) |
| Idioma: | Português |
| Publicado em: |
Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
2020
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| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: |
http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/12096 |
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| Resumo: |
The organic polymer extracted from the Mandacaru cactus (Cereus jamacaru) can be used in the clarification water process, due to its relevant role as an inorganic coagulant auxiliary in the coagulation process. In order to make water treatment cheaper and affordable in resource-poor areas, there is an extensive research for
alternatives that can be easily used. The present study aimed to verify the cactus (Cereus jamacaru) organic extract efficiency in the removal of the parameters of turbidity, apparent color and solids series, after the coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and filtration of lentic water, besides to evaluate its performance
during the variations of pH and electrical conductivity. The study water samples were collected in Igapó II Lake, in Londrina – PR, which were passed through agitations in the own environment to simulate a rainy period. Extraction solutions (NaCl 1% and NaOH 0.10 M) were initially prepared to form the main solution of cactus, known as coagulant A, following the ratio 1 mL of cactus extract to 2.5 mL of extractive solution. Using this principle, the preparation of the solution was carried out with aluminum sulphate which was added the previous solutions to form the coagulant B. The tests were divided into three parts, the first one occurred without altering the pH of the raw water (6.45); in the second and third part, corrections were made with 1 molar hydrochloric acid (4.67) and 1 molar sodium hydroxide (8.66), a procedure necessary to observe the performance of coagulants at different pH values. Coagulation and flocculation occurred in the jar test, whose fast and slow mixing times in minutes were (00:10, 02:00, 02:35, 02:40 and 05:40) for the velocity gradients in s-1 (450, 90, 52, 40 and 30), respectively. In the sedimentation, 10 minutes were waited, to follow the direct to the filtration, which occurred by varying the angulation at (70 °, 60 ° and 50 °) every 2 minutes, the grain size of the filters
was between 0.6 and 0.85 Mm. It was found that the coagulants A and B were similar in relation to pH, whose values reached the average 7.5 at the end of the water clarification process. The best results in different samples for the coagulant A after filtration, were: color (94.39%), turbidity (97.84%), total solids (89.83%), fixed solids (94.12%) and volatile solids (100%). For the coagulant B after filtration, the best results in different samples were: color (93.93%), turbidity (96.16%), total solids (82.61%), volatile solids (80%) and fixed solids (100%). The electric conductivity, to the samples neutral and with coagulant A, it was observed the gradual increase of the values due to the dosages and the filter medium, since both have salts. It is concluded that the use of coagulants A and B after direct filtration can be obtain clarified water, favoring the usage of cactus (Cereus jamacaru) as an alternative coagulant and an auxiliary of aluminum sulphate to reduce costs in water treatment. |
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