Modelagem da dispersão de poluentes atmosféricos na cidade de Curitiba-PR usando modelos semi-empíricos
The development of cities generates an increase in the emissions of air pollutants, especially in the transportation sector. The use of mathematical dispersion models to study the distribution of pollutants in future scenarios is an essential tool for decision making within the urban planning perspe...
| Autor principal: | Wiese, Luiz Felippe |
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| Formato: | Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação) |
| Idioma: | Português |
| Publicado em: |
Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
2020
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| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: |
http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/12104 |
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| Resumo: |
The development of cities generates an increase in the emissions of air pollutants, especially in the transportation sector. The use of mathematical dispersion models to study the distribution of pollutants in future scenarios is an essential tool for decision making within the urban planning perspective. This work aims to validate a semi-empirical micro-scale dispersion model for the environmental conditions of Curitiba’s city center, and to suggest actions to reduce the pollution levels. The Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM) was validated with measurements of BC, NOx and PM2.5 performed between 20/07/2016 and 25/08/2016 inside a central urban canyon. Two aethalometer were used to monitor BC levels (Models AE42 and AE33, Magee Scientific - USA); passive samplers for NOx measurements (Ogawa, USA) and for PM2.5, filters coupled with a Harvard impactor for gravimetric analysis were collected. The following model inputs were required: street configuration, vehicle fleet classified by age, type of vehicle and fuel used, emission factors for each vehicle category, as well as meteorological information and background concentration during the study. The simulated concentrations showed a good agreement with measurements for PM2.5 (r = 0.82) and little variation was observed (DR = 0.053). We found that the relationship between observed and modeled pollutants, and the total volume of vehicles was not direct, thus, to understand the dispersion process of atmospheric pollutants, meteorology and the street configuration are essential data. Calculations of the impact on air quality by renewing the bus fleet and a complete withdrawal of the busses were also conducted. After the complete withdrawal of the bus fleet, the reduction on the NOx levels reached 77%. Therefore, the use of semi-empirical models is an excellent tool for the evaluation of future scenarios of air quality, with potential of application in cities that are willing to solve problems with atmospheric pollutants. |
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