Aplicação de coagulantes orgânicos extraídos do cacto (Opuntia cochenillifera) e da Moringa oleifera no tratamento de água
The purpose of this work was to use organic coagulants (Moringa oleifera and Opuntia cochenillifera) in coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes for water supply. Water samples were collected from Tibagi River, located in the North of Paraná. Both organic coagulants were used separately...
| Autor principal: | Jacob, Amanda Cristina |
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| Formato: | Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação) |
| Idioma: | Português |
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Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
2020
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riut-1-121412020-11-16T11:02:58Z Aplicação de coagulantes orgânicos extraídos do cacto (Opuntia cochenillifera) e da Moringa oleifera no tratamento de água Application of organic coagulants extracted from (Opuntia cochenillifera) and Moringa oleifera in water treatment Jacob, Amanda Cristina Theodoro, Joseane Debora Peruço Pereira, Edilaine Regina Bolonhesi, Isabela Bruna de Tavares Machado Theodoro, Joseane Debora Peruço Água - Purificação Coagulantes Cactos Water - Purification Coagulants Cactus CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA SANITARIA The purpose of this work was to use organic coagulants (Moringa oleifera and Opuntia cochenillifera) in coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes for water supply. Water samples were collected from Tibagi River, located in the North of Paraná. Both organic coagulants were used separately and in combination to compare efficiencies. A study was carried out to determine the removal of turbidity and apparent color, and the behavior of total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity and pH. It was verified after the pre-test that the best concentrations for the coagulant extracted from Moringa oleifera seed in saline solution were C1: 2.5 mg.L-1; C2: 5 mg.L-1; C3: 7.5 mg.L-1. For the coagulant of the cactus Opuntia cochenillifera, the best concentrations were C4: 1 mg.L-1; C5: 2 mg.L-1; C6: mg.L-1 followed by the concentrations of extractive solutions C7: 2.5 mg.L-1; C8: 5 mg.L-1; C9: 7.5 mg.L-1. For the assays made with the combination of both coagulants, half (50%) of the dosages of the coagulants and the extractive solution were used. The treatment was done with the jar test equipment with the same speed gradient and fast and slow mixing times used in the SANEPAR ETA. Correction of pH of the samples was required to analyze the performance of organic coagulants at different pH levels. Up to 100% of the color and 93% of the turbidity were removed using Moringa oleifera. Using the Opuntia cochenillifera cactus, the color and turbidity removal were up to 67% and 39%, respectively. With the two coagulants associated, the color and turbidity removal were up to 96%. The highest values of electrical conductivity were presented in the assays with higher dosage of coagulants. Total dissolved solids increased in all assays due to the dissociation of organic matter and salts from the organic coagulants. The pH did not change in the course of the processes using Moringa oleifera and coagulants in association, but for Opuntia cochenillifera cactus, the pH of all assays increased during the processes. According to statistical analysis, the best values for each single variable were for C2 (5 mg.L-1), neutral pH and 20 minutes of sedimentation using Moringa oleifera and C5 (2 mg.L-1), C8 (5 mg.L-1), neutral pH and 20 minutes of sedimentation using Opuntia cochenillifera cactus. For the association of these two coagulants, the best values were 2.5 mg.L-1of Moringa oleifera, 1 mg.L-1 of Opuntia cochenillifera and 2.5 mg.L-1 of extractive solution with neutral pH and 20 minutes of sedimentation. The results confirm the efficiency of Moringa oleifera in saline solution and show that Opuntia cochenillifera cactus has great potential as a coagulant but require further studies with different dosages of coagulant and different extractive solutions. In relation to the efficiency of the two coagulants together, it is concluded that the association of the two is not viable since only Moringa oleifera ends up performing high removals of color and turbidity. A proposta deste trabalho foi utilizar coagulantes orgânicos (Moringa oleifera e Opuntia cochenillifera) nos processos de coagulação, floculação e sedimentação para o abastecimento de água. Foram coletadas amostras de água provenientes do Rio Tibagi, localizado no Norte do Paraná. Os dois coagulantes orgânicos foram usados tanto separadamente como em associação para comparar eficiências. Foi feito um estudo para determinar a remoção da turbidez e cor aparente, e o comportamento dos sólidos dissolvidos totais, da condutividade elétrica e do pH. Verificou-se após o pré ensaio, que as melhores concentrações para o coagulante extraído da semente da Moringa oleifera em solução salina foram C1: 2,5 mg.L-1; C2: 5 mg.L-1; C3: 7,5 mg.L-1. Para o coagulante do cacto Opuntia cochenillifera, as melhores concentrações foram C4: 1 mg.L-1; C5: 2 mg.L-1; C6: 3 mg.L-1 seguido das concentrações das soluções extratoras C7: 2,5 mg.L-1; C8: 5 mg.L-1; C9: 7,5 mg.L-1. Para os ensaios feitos com a associação dos dois coagulantes, foram utilizados metade (50%) das dosagens dos coagulantes e da solução extratora. O tratamento foi feito com o equipamento jar teste com o mesmo gradiente de velocidade e tempos de mistura rápida e lenta utilizados na ETA da SANEPAR. Foi necessária correção do pH das amostras para analisar o desempenho dos coagulantes orgânicos em diferentes níveis de pH. Foram removidos até 100% da cor e 93% da turbidez utilizando a Moringa oleifera. Usando o cacto Opuntia cochenillifera, a remoção da cor e da turbidez foram de até 67% e 39%, respectivamente. Com os dois coagulantes associados, a remoção de cor e de turbidez foram de até 96%. Os maiores valores de condutividade elétrica foram apresentados nos ensaios com maior dosagem de coagulantes. Os sólidos dissolvidos totais aumentaram em todos os ensaios em decorrência da dissociação da matéria orgânica e sais advindos dos coagulantes orgânicos. O pH não alterou no decorrer dos processos usando a Moringa oleifera e os coagulantes em associação, mas para o cacto Opuntia cochenillifera, o pH de todos os ensaios aumentou durante os processos. Pela análise estatística, os melhores valores para cada variável isoladamente foi para C2 (5 mg.L-1), pH neutro e 20 minutos de sedimentação usando a Moringa oleifera e C5 (2 mg.L-1), C8 (5 mg.L-1), pH neutro e 20 minutos de sedimentação utilizando o cacto Opuntia cochenillifera. Para a associação desses dois coagulantes, os melhores valores foram 2,5 mg.L-1 de Moringa oleifera, 1 mg.L-1 de Opuntia cochenillifera e 2,5 mg.L-1 de solução extratora com pH neutro e com 20 minutos de sedimentação. Os resultados comprovam a eficiência da Moringa oleifera em solução salina e mostram que o cacto Opuntia cochenillifera possui grande potencial como coagulante necessitando mais estudos com diferentes dosagens de coagulante e diferentes soluções extratoras. Em relação à eficiência dos dois coagulantes juntos, conclui-se que não é viável a associação dos dois pois apenas a Moringa oleifera acaba realizando altas remoções de cor e turbidez. 2020-11-16T11:02:58Z 2020-11-16T11:02:58Z 2018-06-19 bachelorThesis JACOB, Amanda Cristina. Aplicação de coagulantes orgânicos extraídos do cacto (Opuntia cochenillifera) e da Moringa oleifera no tratamento de água. 2018. 85 f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação) - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Londrina, 2018. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/12141 por openAccess application/pdf Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná Londrina Brasil Engenharia ambiental UTFPR |
| institution |
Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná |
| collection |
RIUT |
| language |
Português |
| topic |
Água - Purificação Coagulantes Cactos Water - Purification Coagulants Cactus CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA SANITARIA |
| spellingShingle |
Água - Purificação Coagulantes Cactos Water - Purification Coagulants Cactus CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA SANITARIA Jacob, Amanda Cristina Aplicação de coagulantes orgânicos extraídos do cacto (Opuntia cochenillifera) e da Moringa oleifera no tratamento de água |
| description |
The purpose of this work was to use organic coagulants (Moringa oleifera and Opuntia cochenillifera) in coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes for water supply. Water samples were collected from Tibagi River, located in the North of Paraná. Both organic coagulants were used separately and in combination to compare efficiencies. A study was carried out to determine the removal of turbidity and apparent color, and the behavior of total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity and pH. It was verified after the pre-test that the best concentrations for the coagulant extracted from Moringa oleifera seed in saline solution were C1: 2.5 mg.L-1; C2: 5 mg.L-1; C3: 7.5 mg.L-1. For the coagulant of the cactus Opuntia cochenillifera, the best concentrations were C4: 1 mg.L-1; C5: 2 mg.L-1; C6: mg.L-1 followed by the concentrations of extractive solutions C7: 2.5 mg.L-1; C8: 5 mg.L-1; C9: 7.5 mg.L-1. For the assays made with the combination of both coagulants, half (50%) of the dosages of the coagulants and the extractive solution were used. The treatment was done with the jar test equipment with the same speed gradient and fast and slow mixing times used in the SANEPAR ETA. Correction of pH of the samples was required to analyze the performance of organic coagulants at different pH levels. Up to 100% of the color and 93% of the turbidity were removed using Moringa oleifera. Using the Opuntia cochenillifera cactus, the color and turbidity removal were up to 67% and 39%, respectively. With the two coagulants associated, the color and turbidity removal were up to 96%. The highest values of electrical conductivity were presented in the assays with higher dosage of coagulants. Total dissolved solids increased in all assays due to the dissociation of organic matter and salts from the organic coagulants. The pH did not change in the course of the processes using Moringa oleifera and coagulants in association, but for Opuntia cochenillifera cactus, the pH of all assays increased during the processes. According to statistical analysis, the best values for each single variable were for C2 (5 mg.L-1), neutral pH and 20 minutes of sedimentation using Moringa oleifera and C5 (2 mg.L-1), C8 (5 mg.L-1), neutral pH and 20 minutes of sedimentation using Opuntia cochenillifera cactus. For the association of these two coagulants, the best values were 2.5 mg.L-1of Moringa oleifera, 1 mg.L-1 of Opuntia cochenillifera and 2.5 mg.L-1 of extractive solution with neutral pH and 20 minutes of sedimentation. The results confirm the efficiency of Moringa oleifera in saline solution and show that Opuntia cochenillifera cactus has great potential as a coagulant but require further studies with different dosages of coagulant and different extractive solutions. In relation to the efficiency of the two coagulants together, it is concluded that the association of the two is not viable since only Moringa oleifera ends up performing high removals of color and turbidity. |
| format |
Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação) |
| author |
Jacob, Amanda Cristina |
| author_sort |
Jacob, Amanda Cristina |
| title |
Aplicação de coagulantes orgânicos extraídos do cacto (Opuntia cochenillifera) e da Moringa oleifera no tratamento de água |
| title_short |
Aplicação de coagulantes orgânicos extraídos do cacto (Opuntia cochenillifera) e da Moringa oleifera no tratamento de água |
| title_full |
Aplicação de coagulantes orgânicos extraídos do cacto (Opuntia cochenillifera) e da Moringa oleifera no tratamento de água |
| title_fullStr |
Aplicação de coagulantes orgânicos extraídos do cacto (Opuntia cochenillifera) e da Moringa oleifera no tratamento de água |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Aplicação de coagulantes orgânicos extraídos do cacto (Opuntia cochenillifera) e da Moringa oleifera no tratamento de água |
| title_sort |
aplicação de coagulantes orgânicos extraídos do cacto (opuntia cochenillifera) e da moringa oleifera no tratamento de água |
| publisher |
Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| citation |
JACOB, Amanda Cristina. Aplicação de coagulantes orgânicos extraídos do cacto (Opuntia cochenillifera) e da Moringa oleifera no tratamento de água. 2018. 85 f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação) - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Londrina, 2018. |
| url |
http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/12141 |
| _version_ |
1805312351212142592 |
| score |
10,814766 |