Redução da toxicidade de lixiviado de aterro sanitário por meio do tratamento em um destilador solar
The landfill leached, characterized by its dark color and strong characteristic odor, has on its composition dissolved colloidal and also in suspension material, holding on itself a great polution potential. The physico-chemical treatment is the most common way of treating adopted for this kind of e...
| Autor principal: | Fronza, Fábio Luiz |
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| Formato: | Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação) |
| Idioma: | Português |
| Publicado em: |
Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
2020
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| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: |
http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/12586 |
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| Resumo: |
The landfill leached, characterized by its dark color and strong characteristic odor, has on its composition dissolved colloidal and also in suspension material, holding on itself a great polution potential. The physico-chemical treatment is the most common way of treating adopted for this kind of effluent. In order to adopt low-cost alternative technologies for its treatment, it was choosen to verify the efficiency of a solar distiller in the treatment of landfill leachate from a landfill located in western Paraná, based on the reducing of the concentration of the following physicochemical parameters Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), pH, conductivity, ammonia nitrogen, Color, Turbidity and also ecotoxicity (CL50; 24h). The solar distiller used in the tests was constructed entirely in glass thickness 3 mm, “one water” type, single acting and operating in batch, with an area of 0,5 m² and 20º inclination on the cover. It was added approximately 7L of leached to the distiller, which was sealed and reopened only after completing the tests. The distillation assays were carried out on 3 trials, which had a duration of 8 hours each. At the end of each test the distiller was individually characterized based on the parameters described above. The ecotoxicity tests were performed using the indicator microcrustacean Artemia salina. It was obtained as an average a yield of approximately 1,6 L m-2 d-1 of treated effluent (distilled). There was a mean reduction of 99% in the COD parameter, color and turbidity in the distillate as compared to the raw leachate. The conductivity parameter showed a mean reduction of 50% and the ammonia concentration rose on average 14% in distillates compared to the raw leachate. The raw leachate and the distilleds of the tests 1, 2 and 3, respectively showed LC50;24h of 24,55%, 23,05%, 23,04% and 20,59% and a pH of 7,98; 9,08; 9,08 and 8,99. Even presenting high efficiency in reduction some parameters, the distillates were more toxic than the raw leachate. This fact is probably due to the presence of free ammonia (NH3) in the distillates, which at high temperatures and suitable conditions of pH (>7) is can be volatilized. It is believed that during the distillation process, the free ammonia present in the leachate has volatilized due to the increase of temperature, being condensed with the water vapor, giving a toxic effect to the distillates. This justifies also the slight increase of pH and high conductivities of the distillates, in addition to increasing ammonia concentrations. Finally, we say that solar distillation has a high efficiency in the treatment of landfill leachate when evaluating the physicochemical parameters COD, Color, Turbidity and Conductivity. However, it is inefficient in removing ammonia as it contributes to the increase of their concentrations and consequently the toxicity of the effluent. |
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