Altura de pasto e adubação nitrogenada afetam os atributos físicos do solo, plantabilidade e produtividade da soja no sistema de integração lavoura - pecuária?
The success of agricultural production in Crop Livestock Systems (CLS) is based on the proper management of the pasture phase, such as grazing intensity and nitrogen fertilization. Several studies confirmed the influence of grazing and nitrogen in the soil physical traits, the performance of machine...
| Autor principal: | Tatto, Wilson Henrique |
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| Formato: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | Português |
| Publicado em: |
Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
2017
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| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: |
http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2368 |
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| Resumo: |
The success of agricultural production in Crop Livestock Systems (CLS) is based on the proper management of the pasture phase, such as grazing intensity and nitrogen fertilization. Several studies confirmed the influence of grazing and nitrogen in the soil physical traits, the performance of machines and the productivity of successive crops. However, most trials study these factors isolated and little is known about the interaction between them in the management of an CLS system. In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate the soil physical characteristics and the soybean development and plantability, cropped in succession to winter pasture and managed according grazing intensities and nitrogen fertilization strategies. The experiment was carried out at the city of Abelardo Luz – SC – Brazil (26o31’30” S; 52o15’35”W; 850 m asl.), in a 14 ha area, where a long term no-till – CLS experiment has been conducted since 2012. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications, arranged in a factorial scheme (2x2). First factor was composed by grazing intensities (high and low), stablished by two heights of pasture management (10 and 25 cm). The second factor was the N fertilization strategy, being the 200 kg of N ha-1 applied to the pasture (NP) or N applied in the grain crop (NG). The height of the pasture was regulated by grazing with put and take continuous with three animals testers. The pasture was a consortium of black oats 'BRS 139' + ryegrass 'Barjumbo'. The soybean cultivar ‘Nidera 5909’ was sown on November 28, 2014, 18 days after the animals were removed from the area. Soil density after grazing in de soil layer 2,5 – 7,5 cm averaged 1.10 g cm-3 and after cultivation of soybean 0.98 g cm-3. The spatial variation of the points in the terrain changed the values of density and the total porosity due to the moisture accumulating at points of discharge during the grazing period. Total porosity increased after soybean cultivation, whose values increased from 0.58 to 0.62 m3 m-3. Still, the mechanical resistance to penetration showed that the first layer of soil 0-10 cm was more compacted. The treatments did not influence the soil mobilization, as soon as no difference between soil density was observed. The amount of straw did not hinder the operability of the seed drill and the surface depth of the grooving rod. The treatments did not affected the demand of force and power required by the tractor to move the seeder. There was no significant difference in productivity between treatments with a mean value of 3,820 kg ha-1. This is a reflection of good physical conditions and good soil fertility of the area, showing that it is possible to intensify the use of this system. |
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