Viabilidade do sistema de cultivo intercalar trigo-soja e milho em sucessão

Wheat-soybean is one of the most used crop arrangements in the southern of Brazil. Even thought, Brazil produces less than 50% of its wheat demand, the crop has been losing cultivation area in many regions of the country. In this context, relay cropping allow...

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Autor principal: Schneider, Rodrigo Junior
Formato: Dissertação
Idioma: Português
Publicado em: Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná 2021
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spelling riut-1-249482021-05-14T06:12:31Z Viabilidade do sistema de cultivo intercalar trigo-soja e milho em sucessão Feasibility of wheat-soybeanrelay croppingand maize in succession Schneider, Rodrigo Junior Adami, Paulo Fernando https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9605-2352 http://lattes.cnpq.br/9289119211222717 Bahry, Carlos André https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4691-222X http://lattes.cnpq.br/0699255496014897 Modolo, Alcir José https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4796-8743 http://lattes.cnpq.br/7372544499267795 Karam, Decio https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8389-5978 http://lattes.cnpq.br/8381181689571420 Adami, Paulo Fernando https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9605-2352 http://lattes.cnpq.br/9289119211222717 Controle de processo Semeadura Produtividade agrícola Milho - Cultivo Avaliação de riscos Process control Planting time Agricultural productivity Corn - Planting Risk assessment CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA Agronomia Wheat-soybean is one of the most used crop arrangements in the southern of Brazil. Even thought, Brazil produces less than 50% of its wheat demand, the crop has been losing cultivation area in many regions of the country. In this context, relay cropping allows the overlapping of soybean on wheat for a period of time, reducing wheat productive risks and allowing gains in terms of anticipation soybean sowing and harvest. This study aimed to evaluate the technical and economic feasibilityof wheat-soybean relay crop and the growthof corn as a third crop in the same agricultural year. Experiment was carried out at the UTFPR, câmpus Dois Vizinhos-PR in a randomized blocks design with in 6x3 and 4x3factorial scheme, with 3 replications at the 2019/2020 and 2020/202 growing season. Factor A was represented by the wheat inter-row spacing, with arrangements of 17 and 22 centimetersin single rows, in-between (17A and 22Aperformed only in the 1styear) and double rows (17D and 22D), resulting in soybean row spacing of 45 cm for the single rows and 34, 44, 51, and 66 cm for the other treatments respectively. Factor B was composed of 2sowing periods of soybeans (BMX Zeus), in relay double cropping, where soybean was sown on standing wheat at milk and drought grain before crop maturity and1 in contrast to sequential cropping where soybean is sown after wheat harvest. The best wheat-soybean relay cropping arrangement was 17D, where wheat produced 2,812 and 2,267 kg ha-1, or 69.41 and 64.82% of the total produced by the control treatment in the 1stand 2nd year respectively. At the first year, soybean at the 51 cm arrangement, (same 17D as wheat) at the 2ndsowing season (09/23/19), produced 6,029.42 kg ha-1(32.5% higher than 1stseason on 09/13/19 and 11.8% lower than control 10/3/19). At the 2ndyear, the same treatment sowed at September 29thyielded 4.235,00 kg ha-1(12.58% more than the 1stsowing period which was on September 14thand 7.4% lower than the control sowed on October 23rdof 2020. Even its yield being 1,239 kg ha-1less thanthe control (17S), intercropping anticipated corn sowing in 15 days what resulted in a grain yield increase of 1,956 kg ha-1when compared to the corn sowed post-soybean harvest in the conventional system. The tradeoff between wheat yield losses and corn yield gains indicated that wheat-soybean relay cropping has a positive balance and can be used as a management strategy to reduce crop risks and obtain higher grain yield per area. Further, wheat-soybean at the conventional system do not allow corn crop adoption inside sowing zoning calendar. Wheat-soybean relay cropping provides grain yield gains per area and contributes to the productive system, reducing risks for the three crops and bringing higher economic gainsin both studied years. Futurestudies mayevaluate wheat grown after corn grown as a 2ndsummer crop since it may result in a longer relay cropping period of soybean into wheat resulting in even greater economic gains for the production systems, besides reducing production risks. O sistema trigo-soja é um dos arranjos mais utilizados no Sul do país, no entanto, mesmo o Brasil produzindo menos de 50% da sua demanda de trigo, a cultura tem perdido área de cultivo em muitas regiões tritícolas. Neste contexto, o consórcio intercalar permite a sobreposição da soja no trigo por um período de tempo, permitindo reduzir riscos produtivos a ganhos em termos de antecipação da semeadura da soja. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade técnica e econômica do cultivo intercalar trigo-soja e a viabilidade do cultivo de milho safrinha no mesmo ano agrícola. O experimento foi conduzido na UTFPR, Câmpus Dois Vizinhos-PR. O delineamento experimental utilizado no cultivo trigo-soja foi de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 6x3e 4x3, com 3 repetições, respectivamente, para assafras2019/2020 e 2020/2021. O fator A foi composto por espaçamentos das entrelinhas do trigo, com arranjos de 17 e 22 centímetros em linhas simples(tratamento controle), alternadas (17A e 22Arealizado apenas no 1º ano) e linhas duplas (17D e 22D), resultando no espaçamento da soja de 45 cm para as linhas simples e 34, 44, 51 e 66 cm para os demais tratamentos,respectivamente. O fator B foi composto por 2 épocas de semeadura da soja BMX Zeus, em sistema intercalar com o trigo e uma em contraste após a colheita do trigo (controle). O delineamento utilizado para milho safrinha foi de três épocas de semeadura) com 3 repetições. O melhor arranjo intercalar trigo-soja foi o de 17D, em que o trigo produziu 2.812 e 2.267 kg ha-1, ou 69,41e 64,82% do total produzido pelo tratamento controle, no 1º e 2º ano, respectivamente. No primeiro ano, a soja, no arranjo de 51 cm, (mesmo 17D do trigo) em 2° época de semeadura (23/09/2019), produziu 6.029,42 kg ha-1 (24,66% superior a 1° época 13/09/2019 e 6,23% inferior ao controle 14/10/2019). No segundo ano, o mesmo arranjo em segunda época (29/09/2020), produziu 4.235,00 kg ha-1 (12,58% superior a 1° época 14/09/2020e 7,4% inferior ao controle 23/10/2020). Com a antecipação da semeadura em segunda época (1° ano) reduziu-se 1.239 kg ha-1de trigo, e 400 kg ha-1de soja, contudo, o cultivo intercalar permitiu o adiantamento do cultivo do milho em 15 dias e resultou em uma produtividade de 1.956 kg ha-1a mais em comparação ao cultivo do milho pós soja no sistema convencional. Ainda, no sistema convencional trigo-soja, não é possível cultivar milho safrinha dentro do zoneamento agrícola. Conclui-se que as perdas de produtividade de trigo, devido aos arranjos de entrelinhas, são compensadas pela produtividade de milho safrinha, por outro lado, no sistema convencional soja-trigo, não é viável o cultivo de milho safrinha. O sistema de consórcio intercalar trigo-soja propicia ganhos de produtividade de grãos e contribui para o sistema produtivo, reduzindo riscos produtivos para as três culturas, além de propiciar maiores ganhos econômico sem ambos os anos avaliados. Trabalhos futuros podem avaliar o cultivo de trigo após milho safrinha uma vez que um maior intervalo de cultivo intercalar trigo-soja pode resultar em ganhos econômicos ainda maiores para os sistemas de produção, além de reduzir riscos de produção. 2021-05-13T13:32:22Z 2021-05-13T13:32:22Z 2021-03-29 masterThesis SCHNEIDER, Rodrigo Junior. Viabilidade do sistema de cultivo intercalar trigo-soja e milho em sucessão. 2021. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Pato Branco, 2021. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/24948 por openAccess application/pdf Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná Pato Branco Brasil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia UTFPR
institution Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
collection RIUT
language Português
topic Controle de processo
Semeadura
Produtividade agrícola
Milho - Cultivo
Avaliação de riscos
Process control
Planting time
Agricultural productivity
Corn - Planting
Risk assessment
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA
Agronomia
spellingShingle Controle de processo
Semeadura
Produtividade agrícola
Milho - Cultivo
Avaliação de riscos
Process control
Planting time
Agricultural productivity
Corn - Planting
Risk assessment
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA
Agronomia
Schneider, Rodrigo Junior
Viabilidade do sistema de cultivo intercalar trigo-soja e milho em sucessão
description Wheat-soybean is one of the most used crop arrangements in the southern of Brazil. Even thought, Brazil produces less than 50% of its wheat demand, the crop has been losing cultivation area in many regions of the country. In this context, relay cropping allows the overlapping of soybean on wheat for a period of time, reducing wheat productive risks and allowing gains in terms of anticipation soybean sowing and harvest. This study aimed to evaluate the technical and economic feasibilityof wheat-soybean relay crop and the growthof corn as a third crop in the same agricultural year. Experiment was carried out at the UTFPR, câmpus Dois Vizinhos-PR in a randomized blocks design with in 6x3 and 4x3factorial scheme, with 3 replications at the 2019/2020 and 2020/202 growing season. Factor A was represented by the wheat inter-row spacing, with arrangements of 17 and 22 centimetersin single rows, in-between (17A and 22Aperformed only in the 1styear) and double rows (17D and 22D), resulting in soybean row spacing of 45 cm for the single rows and 34, 44, 51, and 66 cm for the other treatments respectively. Factor B was composed of 2sowing periods of soybeans (BMX Zeus), in relay double cropping, where soybean was sown on standing wheat at milk and drought grain before crop maturity and1 in contrast to sequential cropping where soybean is sown after wheat harvest. The best wheat-soybean relay cropping arrangement was 17D, where wheat produced 2,812 and 2,267 kg ha-1, or 69.41 and 64.82% of the total produced by the control treatment in the 1stand 2nd year respectively. At the first year, soybean at the 51 cm arrangement, (same 17D as wheat) at the 2ndsowing season (09/23/19), produced 6,029.42 kg ha-1(32.5% higher than 1stseason on 09/13/19 and 11.8% lower than control 10/3/19). At the 2ndyear, the same treatment sowed at September 29thyielded 4.235,00 kg ha-1(12.58% more than the 1stsowing period which was on September 14thand 7.4% lower than the control sowed on October 23rdof 2020. Even its yield being 1,239 kg ha-1less thanthe control (17S), intercropping anticipated corn sowing in 15 days what resulted in a grain yield increase of 1,956 kg ha-1when compared to the corn sowed post-soybean harvest in the conventional system. The tradeoff between wheat yield losses and corn yield gains indicated that wheat-soybean relay cropping has a positive balance and can be used as a management strategy to reduce crop risks and obtain higher grain yield per area. Further, wheat-soybean at the conventional system do not allow corn crop adoption inside sowing zoning calendar. Wheat-soybean relay cropping provides grain yield gains per area and contributes to the productive system, reducing risks for the three crops and bringing higher economic gainsin both studied years. Futurestudies mayevaluate wheat grown after corn grown as a 2ndsummer crop since it may result in a longer relay cropping period of soybean into wheat resulting in even greater economic gains for the production systems, besides reducing production risks.
format Dissertação
author Schneider, Rodrigo Junior
author_sort Schneider, Rodrigo Junior
title Viabilidade do sistema de cultivo intercalar trigo-soja e milho em sucessão
title_short Viabilidade do sistema de cultivo intercalar trigo-soja e milho em sucessão
title_full Viabilidade do sistema de cultivo intercalar trigo-soja e milho em sucessão
title_fullStr Viabilidade do sistema de cultivo intercalar trigo-soja e milho em sucessão
title_full_unstemmed Viabilidade do sistema de cultivo intercalar trigo-soja e milho em sucessão
title_sort viabilidade do sistema de cultivo intercalar trigo-soja e milho em sucessão
publisher Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
publishDate 2021
citation SCHNEIDER, Rodrigo Junior. Viabilidade do sistema de cultivo intercalar trigo-soja e milho em sucessão. 2021. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Pato Branco, 2021.
url http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/24948
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score 10,814766