Diagnóstico ambiental em indústria de papel e celulose
The pulp and paper industry sector has a high contribution in the international and national market and differs from other markets due to the high investments in highly developed technologies and the ease of cultivation of raw material in the country. However, to enable the continuity of activities,...
| Autor principal: | Takiguchi, Caroline Yukari |
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| Formato: | Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação) |
| Idioma: | Português |
| Publicado em: |
Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
2021
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| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: |
http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/25695 |
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| Resumo: |
The pulp and paper industry sector has a high contribution in the international and national market and differs from other markets due to the high investments in highly developed technologies and the ease of cultivation of raw material in the country. However, to enable the continuity of activities, it is necessary to mitigate the environmental impacts brought about, aiming at the preservation of inputs and energy. This work has the purpose to investigate environmental practices and protocols through information available in the literature and in environmental and sustainability reports of large companies in the cellulose sector, and other academic works. Potentially polluting activities in the cellulose sector were analyzed, related to water consumption, generation of solid and effluent waste, consumption and generation of energy and atmospheric emissions. Regarding water consumption, the 3 industries covered (Veracel, Klabin and Suzano), provided information in their annual reports. The first showed efficiency in the use of water, reducing its specific consumption (m3/t) over the years. Klabin showed a significant increase in water reuse since 2016, with the start of operation of a new unit. And Suzano, showed a reduction from 2014 to 2018 in the Mucuri and Limeira units, of 2.960.787 and 2.964.938 m3, respectively. Regarding solid waste, only Veracel was approached in this work. The generation has been reduced over the years, with a recycling rate is quite satisfactory, approximately 98% in 2018. In several academic works, different alternatives are about the use of waste in agriculture; production of Portland cement; composting; stabilization of mine waste; power generation and ceramic production. As for industrial effluents, Veracel showed an annual reduction in effluent generation of 1.376.318 m3 from 2014 to 2018, and in specific generation, 1,93 m3/t. The emission parameters, COD, BOD, AOx, SST, nitrogen and phosphorus showed results within intervals obtained in equipment with best available technologies (BAT’s). Klabin showed a 26,16% increase from 2015 to 2016, due to the new operational unit, and an increase in 2017, due to the consolidation period of activities of this unit. The parameters addressed, COD and BOD, of the pulp and paper units, showed a tendency to reduce emissions, in mg/L, over the years. Suzano brings information from different units in the group, noting that the largest contribution comes from the Mucuri unit, which increased the generation of effluents from 2014 to 2018. However, there was a reduction in the emission of BOD (biologichal and COD, in t/year, of 2.022 and 6.451, respectively. For energy generation, there was a large contribution from renewable sources in the analyzed industries, Veracel and Klabin, with values of 94,3% and 89,1% respectively, in 2018. And a significant increase in the generation and sale of energy, mainly from Klabin. Veracel's atmospheric emissions, in the analyzed period, showed that all parameters (NOx, SOx, TRS and MP) kept well below the legal limit. Klabin and Suzano brought information on atmospheric emissions by dividing them into 3 scopes. Klabin, as seen in the other items (water, effluents and energy), presented a significant increase in 2016, in emissions from all 3 scopes, especially scope 1. In Suzano, this increase was observed in 2018, mainly in scopes 1 and 3, due to Fibria's adhesion to the group. |
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