Registro fonte: Biocontrole com Trichoderma e Bacillus à Sclerotinia sclerotiorum na cultura da soja

Biocontrole com Trichoderma e Bacillus à Sclerotinia sclerotiorum na cultura da soja

Soy is the main product of Brazilian agriculture, strengthening the country's position as one of the most important commodities in world agricultural trade. But there are numerous factors that affect its quality and productivity, including the incidence of diseases. White mold caused by the fun...

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Autor principal:	Schmoller, Isabela
Formato:	Dissertação
Idioma:	Português
Publicado em:	Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná 2021
Assuntos:	Insetos nocivos - Controle biológico Mofo (Botânica) Soja - Cultivo Insect pests - Biological control Molds (Fungi) Soybean - Planting CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA Agronomia
Acesso em linha:	http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/26280
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spelling	riut-1-262802021-11-05T06:05:49Z Biocontrole com Trichoderma e Bacillus à Sclerotinia sclerotiorum na cultura da soja Biocontrol with Trichoderma and Bacillus to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean crop Schmoller, Isabela Mazaro, Sérgio Miguel https://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-2787-9409 http://lattes.cnpq.br/4271660992059925 Conceição, Paulo Cesar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5880-8094 http://lattes.cnpq.br/3016865119162597 Manteli, Claudia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-2889 http://lattes.cnpq.br/5206965399284783 Bertoldo, Edson https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-9473-5344 http://lattes.cnpq.br/6446515698994208 Mazaro, Sérgio Miguel https://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-2787-9409 http://lattes.cnpq.br/4271660992059925 Insetos nocivos - Controle biológico Mofo (Botânica) Soja - Cultivo Insect pests - Biological control Molds (Fungi) Soybean - Planting CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA Agronomia Soy is the main product of Brazilian agriculture, strengthening the country's position as one of the most important commodities in world agricultural trade. But there are numerous factors that affect its quality and productivity, including the incidence of diseases. White mold caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary, also known as sclerotinia rot, has been highlighted as one of the most severe for the crop. There are no soybean cultivars resistant to S. sclerotiorum, and chemical control of white mold has limitations due to costs, loss of fungicide efficiency and difficulties in obtaining total plant protection during spraying. Therefore, practices such as cultural control with straw formation for the direct planting system and biological control with antagonists such as Trichoderma and Bacillus have been used in the management of the disease. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of biocontrol agents in the colonization of S. sclerotiorum sclerotia in the soil, under soybean cultivation. Two experiments were carried out in the agricultural years of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 at the experimental station of the Federal Technological University of Paraná - UTFPR - Dois Vizinhos, the treatments being Trichoderma harzianum, isolated IBLF 006 (0.1kg/ha); Bacillus subtilis lineage QST 713(3liters/ha); and association Trichoderma harzianum, isolate URM 8119, Trichoderma asperellum, isolate URM 8120 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, isolate CCT 7901(0.1Kg/ha). The plant cover that preceded the soybean crop was Black Oat BRS 139, sown in the field and when it reached the phenological stage of full flowering, it was rolled, with the aid of a knife roller, and sowed soybean cultivar BRS 282. In the phenological stage V2 (two leaves true), samples containing 50 sclerotia were placed in 1.5 mm mesh nylon mesh bags and placed between the crop rows, being accommodated so that half of their height was below the soil surface. Two applications of biocontrol agents were carried out at stages V2 and V4 of the culture, respectively. The sprays were carried out with pressurized sprayers with CO2 with flow rates of 200 L ha-1. Twenty days after the last application of the biocontrols, the sclerotia were removed from the field and the carpogenic evaluation was carried out in the laboratory. The sclerotia were placed in a gerbox containing 200 g of autoclave, and then incubated at a temperature of 18ºC (±2ºC) and photoperiod (12 hours) for 20 days. In the carpogenic evaluation, the number of germinated sclerotia, number of apothecia per sclerotia, colonized sclerotia, degraded or rotten sclerotia and control levels were quantified. The results showed that in the two years of evaluations T. harzianum isolate URM 8119 and B. subtilis lineage QST 713 had a biocontrol effect on S. sclerotiorum, with control means of 36.4%, not differing from each other in terms of control efficiency. However, when the association of T. harzianum, isolate URM 8119, T.asperellum, isolate URM 8120 and B. amyloliquefaciens, isolate CCT 7901 was used, it showed greater efficiency in controlling S. sclerotiorum, with an average of 52.8%, proving that there was a synergism between biological agents. Conselho Nacional do Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) A soja é o principal produto da agricultura brasileira, fortalecendo a posição do país como uma das commodities mais importantes do comércio agrícola mundial. Mas são inúmeros os fatores que afetam sua qualidade e produtividade, dentre elas a incidência de doenças. O mofo-branco causado pelo fungo Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary, também conhecido como podridão-de-esclerotínia, tem se destacado como uma das mais severas para a cultura. Não existe cultivares de soja resistente a S. sclerotiorum, e o controle químico do mofo-branco possui limitações, em razão dos custos, perda de eficiência dos fungicidas e das dificuldades de se obter proteção total da planta durante as pulverizações. Portanto, práticas como o controle cultural com formação da palhada para o sistema de plantio direto (SPD) e o controle biológico com antagonistas como Trichoderma e Bacillus vem sendo utilizados no manejo da doença. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia dos agentes de biocontrole na colonização de escleródios de S. sclerotiorum no solo, sob cultivo de soja. Foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos nos anos agrícolas de 2019/2020 e 2020/2021 na estação experimental da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR - Dois Vizinhos sendo os tratamentos Trichoderma harzianum, isolado IBLF 006 (0,1kg/ha); Bacillus subtilis linhagem QST 713(3litros/ha); e associação Trichoderma harzianum, isolado URM 8119, Trichoderma asperellum, isolado URM 8120 e Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, isolado CCT 7901(0,1Kg/ha). A cobertura vegetal que antecedeu a cultura da soja foi a Aveia Preta BRS 139, semeadas à campo e quando atingiu o estádio fenológico de pleno florescimento, foi rolada, com auxílio de rolo faca, e semeado soja cultivar BRS 282. No estádio fenológico V2 (duas folhas verdadeiras), amostras contendo 50 escleródios foram colocadas em sacos de tela de náilon com malha de 1,5 mm e dispostas na entre linha da cultura, sendo acomodados de forma que metade de sua altura ficasse abaixo da superfície do solo. Foram realizadas duas aplicações dos agentes de biocontrole nos estádios V2 e V4 da cultura, respectivamente. As pulverizações foram realizadas com pulverizadores pressurizados com CO2 com vazões de 200 L ha-1. Após 20 dias da última aplicação dos biocontroles, os escleródios foram retirados do campo e foi realizada a avaliação carpogênica em laboratório. Os escleródios foram acondicionados em caixa gerbox contendo 200 g de solo auto-clavado, e então incubados à temperatura de 18ºC (±2ºC) e fotoperíodo (12horas) por 20 dias. Na avaliação carpogênica foram quantificando o número de escleródios germinados, número de estirpes e apotécios por escleródios, escleródios colonizados, escleródios degradados ou podres e percentual de controle. Os resultados demonstraram que nos dois anos de avaliações Trichoderma harzianum isolado URM 8119 e Bacillus subtilis linhagem QST 713 tiveram efeito de biocontrole sobre S. sclerotiorum, com médias de controle de 36,4%, não diferindo entre si quanto a eficiência de controle, no entanto, quando utilizou-se a associação de Trichoderma harzianum, isolado URM 8119, Trichoderma asperellum, isolado URM 8120 e Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, isolado CCT 7901 demonstrou maior eficiência de controle de S. sclerotiorum, com média de 52,8%, comprovando que houve sinergismo entre agentes biológicos. 2021-11-04T23:41:36Z 2021-11-04T23:41:36Z 2021-06-02 masterThesis SCHMOLLER, Isabela. Biocontrole com Trichoderma e Bacillus à Sclerotinia sclerotiorum na cultura da soja. 2021. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agroecossistemas) - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, 2021. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/26280 por openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.pt_BR application/pdf Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná Dois Vizinhos Brasil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas UTFPR
institution	Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
collection	RIUT
language	Português
topic	Insetos nocivos - Controle biológico Mofo (Botânica) Soja - Cultivo Insect pests - Biological control Molds (Fungi) Soybean - Planting CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA Agronomia
spellingShingle	Insetos nocivos - Controle biológico Mofo (Botânica) Soja - Cultivo Insect pests - Biological control Molds (Fungi) Soybean - Planting CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA Agronomia Schmoller, Isabela Biocontrole com Trichoderma e Bacillus à Sclerotinia sclerotiorum na cultura da soja
description	Soy is the main product of Brazilian agriculture, strengthening the country's position as one of the most important commodities in world agricultural trade. But there are numerous factors that affect its quality and productivity, including the incidence of diseases. White mold caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary, also known as sclerotinia rot, has been highlighted as one of the most severe for the crop. There are no soybean cultivars resistant to S. sclerotiorum, and chemical control of white mold has limitations due to costs, loss of fungicide efficiency and difficulties in obtaining total plant protection during spraying. Therefore, practices such as cultural control with straw formation for the direct planting system and biological control with antagonists such as Trichoderma and Bacillus have been used in the management of the disease. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of biocontrol agents in the colonization of S. sclerotiorum sclerotia in the soil, under soybean cultivation. Two experiments were carried out in the agricultural years of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 at the experimental station of the Federal Technological University of Paraná - UTFPR - Dois Vizinhos, the treatments being Trichoderma harzianum, isolated IBLF 006 (0.1kg/ha); Bacillus subtilis lineage QST 713(3liters/ha); and association Trichoderma harzianum, isolate URM 8119, Trichoderma asperellum, isolate URM 8120 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, isolate CCT 7901(0.1Kg/ha). The plant cover that preceded the soybean crop was Black Oat BRS 139, sown in the field and when it reached the phenological stage of full flowering, it was rolled, with the aid of a knife roller, and sowed soybean cultivar BRS 282. In the phenological stage V2 (two leaves true), samples containing 50 sclerotia were placed in 1.5 mm mesh nylon mesh bags and placed between the crop rows, being accommodated so that half of their height was below the soil surface. Two applications of biocontrol agents were carried out at stages V2 and V4 of the culture, respectively. The sprays were carried out with pressurized sprayers with CO2 with flow rates of 200 L ha-1. Twenty days after the last application of the biocontrols, the sclerotia were removed from the field and the carpogenic evaluation was carried out in the laboratory. The sclerotia were placed in a gerbox containing 200 g of autoclave, and then incubated at a temperature of 18ºC (±2ºC) and photoperiod (12 hours) for 20 days. In the carpogenic evaluation, the number of germinated sclerotia, number of apothecia per sclerotia, colonized sclerotia, degraded or rotten sclerotia and control levels were quantified. The results showed that in the two years of evaluations T. harzianum isolate URM 8119 and B. subtilis lineage QST 713 had a biocontrol effect on S. sclerotiorum, with control means of 36.4%, not differing from each other in terms of control efficiency. However, when the association of T. harzianum, isolate URM 8119, T.asperellum, isolate URM 8120 and B. amyloliquefaciens, isolate CCT 7901 was used, it showed greater efficiency in controlling S. sclerotiorum, with an average of 52.8%, proving that there was a synergism between biological agents.
format	Dissertação
author	Schmoller, Isabela
author_sort	Schmoller, Isabela
title	Biocontrole com Trichoderma e Bacillus à Sclerotinia sclerotiorum na cultura da soja
title_short	Biocontrole com Trichoderma e Bacillus à Sclerotinia sclerotiorum na cultura da soja
title_full	Biocontrole com Trichoderma e Bacillus à Sclerotinia sclerotiorum na cultura da soja
title_fullStr	Biocontrole com Trichoderma e Bacillus à Sclerotinia sclerotiorum na cultura da soja
title_full_unstemmed	Biocontrole com Trichoderma e Bacillus à Sclerotinia sclerotiorum na cultura da soja
title_sort	biocontrole com trichoderma e bacillus à sclerotinia sclerotiorum na cultura da soja
publisher	Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
publishDate	2021
citation	SCHMOLLER, Isabela. Biocontrole com Trichoderma e Bacillus à Sclerotinia sclerotiorum na cultura da soja. 2021. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agroecossistemas) - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, 2021.
url	http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/26280
_version_	1805302243901046784
score	10,814766

Biocontrole com Trichoderma e Bacillus à Sclerotinia sclerotiorum na cultura da soja

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