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Indução de resistência por agentes abióticos em soja à mosca-branca

Soybean is one of the oldest and most practiced crops in the world,and its importance is due to its high protein content,its use in food for humans and animals, as well as being the main Brazilian export product. Despite the high national production, the crop has productivity losses due to attacks o...

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Autor principal:	Locateli, Bruna Taiza
Formato:	Dissertação
Idioma:	Português
Publicado em:	Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná 2017
Assuntos:	Pragas - Controle Mosca branca Enzimas Plantas - Metabolismo Pests - Control Bemisia argentifolii Enzymes Plants - Metabolism CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA Agronomia
Acesso em linha:	http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2677
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spelling	riut-1-26772017-12-04T14:21:01Z Indução de resistência por agentes abióticos em soja à mosca-branca Inducers of resistance in the process of plant defense to whitefly in soybean plants Locateli, Bruna Taiza Mazaro, Sérgio Miguel http://lattes.cnpq.br/4271660992059925 Haas, Jucelaine http://lattes.cnpq.br/2084110829347074 Mazaro, Sérgio Miguel Perboni, Anelise Tessari Cechim, Flavio Endrigo Pragas - Controle Mosca branca Enzimas Plantas - Metabolismo Pests - Control Bemisia argentifolii Enzymes Plants - Metabolism CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA Agronomia Soybean is one of the oldest and most practiced crops in the world,and its importance is due to its high protein content,its use in food for humans and animals, as well as being the main Brazilian export product. Despite the high national production, the crop has productivity losses due to attacks of insect pests, among them, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Botype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Its traditional control is carried out with insecticides, but currently alternative methods are being evaluated considering the noncontamination of the environment and human health. The present work had as objective to evaluate the potential of resistance elicitors in the process of vegetal defense against the whitefly in soybean plants. Two experiments were carried out at the Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos-PR, in 2017. Soybean seeds of cultivar BRS 284 were sown in polyethylene pots with capacity of 10 liters, containing soil gathered from crops at UTFPR. Cultivation occurred in a greenhouse, and the vessels were placed on benches until the V6 phenological phase, when the elicitors were applied by microaspersion according to the treatments: ASM (0.005%), SA (2 Mm), foliar fertilizer composed of potassium phosphite (0.004%); chitosan (1%), silicon (0.25%) and control (distilled water). The first experiment aimed to evaluate the potential of the elicitors to activate plant defense mechanisms, considering the presence and absence of the whitefly. For this, the elicitors were applied, and for the condition of absence of insects, the vases remained in individual cages with anti-aphid screen, to avoid contact with the insect pest. Then, the plant material was collected at intervals of 0, 24, 48, 96 and 168 hours after the application of resistance elicitors. Total proteins, total and reducing sugars, phenolic compounds, tannins and the activity of the enzymes peroxidases, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (FAL) and chitinase were evaluated. The second experiment sought to evaluate the oviposition preference due to the application of the elicitors. After 24 hours of application, 500 not sexed whitefly adults were released in the center of the vases on the bench, having a choice among treatments. After 48 hours of the initial infestation, two leaflets of the median third of the plants were collected from each treatment. The leaflets were evaluated under stereomicroscope for the quantification of the number of eggs. The total leaf area of the leaflets was also calculated using Image J. The resistance elicitors have the capacity to activate the primary metabolism through the synthesis of total proteins, as well as demonstrate the potential in the activation of defense mechanisms among them, the route of the phenylpropanoids with the activation of the enzyme FAL and the formation of phenolic compounds. They also activated pathogenic enzymes such as peroxidases and chitinase, such activations have specificity for the elicitor and the activation time. The use of elicitors when challenged with insects demonstrated greater effectiveness of activation of the enzyme FAL, peroxidase and chitinase, these enzymes related to the process of plant defense against insects. ASM, silicon and chitosan elicitors have the potential to reduce oviposition of the whitefly, which may be related to the activation of plant defense mechanisms. A soja é uma das culturas mais antigas e praticadas no mundo, tendo sua importância pelo elevado teor de proteínas, sendo utilizada na alimentação humana e animal, além de ser o principal produto de exportação brasileira. Apesar da alta produção nacional, a cultura possui perdas de produtividade pelos ataques de insetos-pragas, dentre eles, a mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci Biótipo B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Seu controle tradicional é realizado com inseticidas, mas atualmente métodos alternativos estão sendo avaliados, considerando a não contaminação do ambiente e a saúde humana. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de indutores de resistência no processo de defesa vegetal contra a mosca-branca em plantas de soja. Foram realizados dois experimentos na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos-PR, no ano de 2017. Sementes de soja da cultivar BRS 284 foram semeadas em vasos de polietileno com capacidade para 10 litros, contendo solo proveniente de lavoura. O cultivo ocorreu em casa de vegetação, sendo que os vasos ficaram dispostos nas bancadas até a fase fenológica V6, onde foram aplicados os indutores conforme os tratamentos. Os tratamentos foram aplicados por microasperção sendo: ASM (0,005%), AS (2Mm), fertilizante foliar composto por fosfito de potássio (0,004%); quitosana (1%) , silício (0,25%) e testemunha (água destilada). O primeiro experimento buscou avaliar o potencial dos indutores quanto a capacidade de ativar mecanismos de defesa vegetal, considerando a presença e a ausência da mosca branca. Para tanto, aplicou- se os indutores, sendo que para a condição de ausência de insetos, os vasos permaneceram em gaiola individual com tela anti-afídica, para evitar o contato com o inseto praga. Então, realizou-se a coleta do material vegetal em intervalos de 0, 24, 48, 96 e 168 horas após a aplicação dos indutores de resistência. Avaliaram-se proteínas totais, açúcares totais e redutores, compostos fenólicos, taninos e a atividade das enzimas peroxidases, fenilalanina amônia-liase (FAL) e quitinase. O segundo experimento buscou avaliar a preferência de oviposição em função da aplicação dos indutores. Após 24 horas da aplicação dos indutores, 500 adultos coletados não sexados de mosca-branca foram liberados no centro dos vasos sobre a bancada, tendo chance de escolha entre os tratamentos. Após 48 horas da infestação inicial, coletaram-se dois folíolos do terço mediano das plantas, de cada tratamento. Os folíolos foram avaliados em microscópio estereoscópio para a quantificação do número de ovos. A área foliar total dos folíolos também foi calculada, utilizando-se o software Image J. Os indutores de resistência possuem capacidade de ativar o metabolismo primário através da síntese de proteínas totais, bem como demonstram potencial na ativação de mecanismos de defesa entre eles, a rota dos fenilpropanóides com a ativação da enzima FAL e a formação de compostos fenólicos. Ainda demonstram ativar enzimas relacionadas a patogenicidade como as peroxidases e quitinase, tais ativações possuem especificidade quanto ao indutor e o tempo de ativação. O uso dos indutores quando desafiados com insetos demonstraram maior efetividade de ativação da enzima FAL, peroxidade e quitinase, enzimas estas relacionadas ao processo de defesa vegetal a insetos. Os indutores ASM, silício e quitosana possuem potencial de redução da oviposição da mosca-branca, o que pode estar relacionado a ativação de mecanismos de defesa vegetal. 2017-12-04T14:21:00Z 2017-12-04T14:21:00Z 2017-08-28 masterThesis LOCATELI, Bruna Taiza. Indução de resistência por agentes abióticos em soja à mosca-branca. 2017. 65 f. Dissertação ( Mestrado em Agroecossistemas ) - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2677 por openAccess application/pdf Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná Dois Vizinhos Brasil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas UTFPR
institution	Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
collection	RIUT
language	Português
topic	Pragas - Controle Mosca branca Enzimas Plantas - Metabolismo Pests - Control Bemisia argentifolii Enzymes Plants - Metabolism CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA Agronomia
spellingShingle	Pragas - Controle Mosca branca Enzimas Plantas - Metabolismo Pests - Control Bemisia argentifolii Enzymes Plants - Metabolism CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA Agronomia Locateli, Bruna Taiza Indução de resistência por agentes abióticos em soja à mosca-branca
description	Soybean is one of the oldest and most practiced crops in the world,and its importance is due to its high protein content,its use in food for humans and animals, as well as being the main Brazilian export product. Despite the high national production, the crop has productivity losses due to attacks of insect pests, among them, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Botype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Its traditional control is carried out with insecticides, but currently alternative methods are being evaluated considering the noncontamination of the environment and human health. The present work had as objective to evaluate the potential of resistance elicitors in the process of vegetal defense against the whitefly in soybean plants. Two experiments were carried out at the Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos-PR, in 2017. Soybean seeds of cultivar BRS 284 were sown in polyethylene pots with capacity of 10 liters, containing soil gathered from crops at UTFPR. Cultivation occurred in a greenhouse, and the vessels were placed on benches until the V6 phenological phase, when the elicitors were applied by microaspersion according to the treatments: ASM (0.005%), SA (2 Mm), foliar fertilizer composed of potassium phosphite (0.004%); chitosan (1%), silicon (0.25%) and control (distilled water). The first experiment aimed to evaluate the potential of the elicitors to activate plant defense mechanisms, considering the presence and absence of the whitefly. For this, the elicitors were applied, and for the condition of absence of insects, the vases remained in individual cages with anti-aphid screen, to avoid contact with the insect pest. Then, the plant material was collected at intervals of 0, 24, 48, 96 and 168 hours after the application of resistance elicitors. Total proteins, total and reducing sugars, phenolic compounds, tannins and the activity of the enzymes peroxidases, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (FAL) and chitinase were evaluated. The second experiment sought to evaluate the oviposition preference due to the application of the elicitors. After 24 hours of application, 500 not sexed whitefly adults were released in the center of the vases on the bench, having a choice among treatments. After 48 hours of the initial infestation, two leaflets of the median third of the plants were collected from each treatment. The leaflets were evaluated under stereomicroscope for the quantification of the number of eggs. The total leaf area of the leaflets was also calculated using Image J. The resistance elicitors have the capacity to activate the primary metabolism through the synthesis of total proteins, as well as demonstrate the potential in the activation of defense mechanisms among them, the route of the phenylpropanoids with the activation of the enzyme FAL and the formation of phenolic compounds. They also activated pathogenic enzymes such as peroxidases and chitinase, such activations have specificity for the elicitor and the activation time. The use of elicitors when challenged with insects demonstrated greater effectiveness of activation of the enzyme FAL, peroxidase and chitinase, these enzymes related to the process of plant defense against insects. ASM, silicon and chitosan elicitors have the potential to reduce oviposition of the whitefly, which may be related to the activation of plant defense mechanisms.
format	Dissertação
author	Locateli, Bruna Taiza
author_sort	Locateli, Bruna Taiza
title	Indução de resistência por agentes abióticos em soja à mosca-branca
title_short	Indução de resistência por agentes abióticos em soja à mosca-branca
title_full	Indução de resistência por agentes abióticos em soja à mosca-branca
title_fullStr	Indução de resistência por agentes abióticos em soja à mosca-branca
title_full_unstemmed	Indução de resistência por agentes abióticos em soja à mosca-branca
title_sort	indução de resistência por agentes abióticos em soja à mosca-branca
publisher	Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
publishDate	2017
citation	LOCATELI, Bruna Taiza. Indução de resistência por agentes abióticos em soja à mosca-branca. 2017. 65 f. Dissertação ( Mestrado em Agroecossistemas ) - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, 2017.
url	http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2677
_version_	1805321098287382528
score	10,814766

Indução de resistência por agentes abióticos em soja à mosca-branca

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