Quitosana in vitro e no tratamento de sementes de eucalipto e acácia-negra no controle de Rhizoctonia solani e no desenvolvimento inicial das plântulas
Chitosan is a polymer derived from deacetylation of chitin, which is found in large amounts in shells of crustaceans and several studies have demonstrated the potential of this product in the control of pathogens, by both their direct fungistatic action, and the ability to induce defense in plants...
| Autor principal: | Freddo, Álvaro Rodrigo |
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| Formato: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | Português |
| Publicado em: |
Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
2012
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| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: |
http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/276 |
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| Resumo: |
Chitosan is a polymer derived from deacetylation of chitin, which is found in large amounts in shells of crustaceans and several studies have demonstrated the
potential of this product in the control of pathogens, by both their direct fungistatic
action, and the ability to induce defense in plants, indicating the presence of molecules with characteristic elicitors. In this sense three experiments were developed in 2011, in the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Campus Dois Vizinhos, with the objective to evaluate the potential of the polymer in the induction of resistance in seedlings of Acacia mearnssii and Eucalyptus saligna at “Damping-off” and the fungistatic effect on Rhizoctonia solani in vitro. The
experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments, corresponding to the concentrations: zero, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2%, with zero concentration being distilled water, in five repetitions. The first experiment evaluated the fungistatic potential of different concentrations of chitosan in PDA medium on R. solani in vitro. In Petri plates were added to the culture medium PDA with chitosan at different concentrations. After solidification, a disk with 10 mm of diameter was placed in the center of the plate with mycelium of R. solani. The plates were kept in B.O.D. incubator for four days at 25°C, and evaluated the diameter of the halo of growth of the fungus, in periods of 48, 72 and 96 hours. The second experiment evaluated the induction of resistance in seedlings of E. saligna in response to seed treatment with chitosan. The seeds of E. saligna were sown on contaminated substrate with mycelium of R. solani and incubated in greenhouse for 21 days. Was evaluated
during and after the period: the percentage of emergence, emergence rate index, the
post-emergence "Damping-off", height, root length and seedling fresh weight, and
biochemical parameters: protein and phenolic compounds content of tissue plants and enzyme activity phenilalanina ammonia-lyase (PAL). The third experiment was conducted with the specie A. mearnssii and followed the same methodological procedures for installation and evaluation of the second experiment, differed only in length of stay in the greenhouse, kept 17 days. The results showed that chitosan at all concentrations, inhibited the growth of the fungus R. solani in vitro, the inhibition was greater with increasing polymer concentration. Chitosan has demonstrated activity in the induction of resistance, favorably affecting silvicultural and biochemical parameters for both the E. saligna as for A. mearnssii, and the concentration that brought the best results of the seedlings was 0.5% chitosan in the treatment of seeds. The results demonstrated decreased that chitosan has potential fungistatic effect on R. solani in vitro. Besides, presented capacity change of the activity of the PAL enzyme from E. saligna and A. mearnssii, however, only the latter showed a reduction in the incidence of damping-off. The use of chitosan concentrations of between 0.6% and 0.9% are most appropriate to A. mearnssii by reducing the damping-off and provide greater initial seedling growth. |
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