Adubação de sistemas: antecipação de nitrogênio e potássio em solos arenosos e argilosos

The use of sustainable activities has been increasing in recent years. Factors related to population growth expectations, increased food production and the irrational use of fertilizers have been pressuring the agricultural sector in search of more efficient management. Among the main practices that...

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Autor principal: Kagimura, Luryan Tairini
Formato: Tese
Idioma: Português
Publicado em: Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná 2022
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spelling riut-1-302322022-12-03T06:07:11Z Adubação de sistemas: antecipação de nitrogênio e potássio em solos arenosos e argilosos System-level fertilization: nitrogen and potassium uptake in sandy and clayey soils Kagimura, Luryan Tairini Assmann, Tangriani Simioni http://lattes.cnpq.br/4837590095881560 Pontes, Laíse da Silveira https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3906-3047 http://lattes.cnpq.br/1551379867003353 Assmann, Alceu Luiz http://lattes.cnpq.br/0694968325023254 Soares, André Brugnara http://lattes.cnpq.br/8437766432982210 Lacerda, Julian Junio de Jesús https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9452-2453 http://lattes.cnpq.br/9739783015056573 Ratke, Rafael Felippe https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6930-3913 http://lattes.cnpq.br/6551950802877618 Assmann, Tangriani Simioni https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4984-2519 http://lattes.cnpq.br/4837590095881560 Agricultura sustentável Adubos e fertilizantes Plantas - Nutrição Sustainable agriculture Fertilizers Plants - Nutrition CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA Agronomia The use of sustainable activities has been increasing in recent years. Factors related to population growth expectations, increased food production and the irrational use of fertilizers have been pressuring the agricultural sector in search of more efficient management. Among the main practices that can be used, the Integrated Crop-Livestock- System, the No-till, and the use of Fertilization-Level Systems, using nutrient cycling, stand out. Although these practices can be used on farms, there is still a need for further studies related to the type of soil, its management, nutrient dynamics, and the effect on plants. Based on this, the objective of the work was to understand the effect of fertilization systems for nitrogen and potassium in clayey and sandy soils. The present work was composed of three different experimental protocols. The first experiment was conducted in the municipality of Catanduvas/PR in the 2018/2019 harvest. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with four repetitions and subdivided plots in time and space. The treatments consisted of two strategies for anticipating nitrogen fertilization, with the application of 45 kg N ha−1 at pasture tillage and the application of 45 kg N ha−1 at pasture tillage + 140 kg N ha−1 on the pasture straw after desiccation. The second study factor was applied to the subplots and consisted of nitrogen application at doses of 0, 100, 200, and 300 kg N ha−1 on corn cover crop. In addition, corn plants were collected at 55, 87, and 118 days after sowing. The second experiment was conducted in the municipality of Pato Branco/PR in the years 2016 and 2017. The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with four repetitions. In the first year, the millet crop was evaluated. The first factor studied was the use of ground cover or fallow on the area. The second factor was composed of application periods of 200 kg N ha−1 of millet (15, 30, and 45 days after sowing). Also, plant collections were performed at 20, 27, 34, 41, 48, 55, 62, and 69 days after sowing. For the second year, the corn crop was evaluated. The first factor evaluated was N doses applied to the pasture straw (0 and 150 kg N ha−1). The second factor was composed of N doses applied on the corn crop cover grown in sequence (0 and 150 ha−1). Plant collections were also performed at 37, 44, 51, 58, 69, 90, and 149 days after sowing the corn crop. The third experiment was conducted in the municipality of Para´ıso das A´ guas/MS during the 2019/2020 crop. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four repetitions. The first factor studied was potassium doses applied on the pasture straw (0 and 120 kg K2O ha−1). The second factor was potassium doses (0, 30, 60, and 120 kg K2O ha−1) applied to the soybean crop cover crop. Collections of litter-bags were made at 0, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after deposition. The early application of nitrogen on the pasture and its stubble results in better nutritional conditions and grain productivity of the corn crop, being an alternative to be used in the properties. Furthermore, the dilution curves tool was shown to be a good indicator of the nutritional status of corn plants. For the anticipation of fertilization, the application performed 15 days after sowing was the one that presented the best results for the millet crop. The cultivation of millet in places that presented ground cover resulted in plants better nourished for nitrogen. Moreover, the anticipation of nitrogen fertilization on black oat straw does not harm the grain yield and nutrition of corn plants. The anticipation of potassium fertilization on sandy soil can be carried out without affecting the grain yield of soybeans. Potassium application on brachiaria alters its decomposition kinetics and nutrient release. There was no evidence of potassium losses through leaching into the soil. A utilização de atividades com cunho sustentável vem aumentando cada vez mais nos últimos anos. Fatores relacionados as expectativas de aumento da população, aumento da produção o de alimentos e o uso irracional de fertilizantes vem pressionando o setor agrícola em busca de manejos mais eficientes. Entre as principais práticas que podem ser utilizadas, destacam-se os Sistemas Integrados de Produção Agropecuária, o Sistema de Plantio Direto e a utilização da adubação de sistema, utilizando-se da ciclagem de nutrientes. Ainda que essas práticas possam ser utilizadas nas propriedades, ainda há necessidade de maiores estudos relacionados ao tipo de solo, seu manejo, dinâmica dos nutrientes e efeito sobre as plantas. A partir disso, o objetivo do trabalho foi compreender o efeito da adubação o de sistemas para nitrogênio e potássio em solos argilosos e arenosos. O presente trabalho foi composto por três protocolos experimentais diferentes. O primeiro experimento foi realizado no município de Catanduvas/PR na safra 2018/2019. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições e parcelas subdivididas no tempo e no espaço. Os tratamentos consistiram em duas estratégias de antecipação da adubação nitrogenada, com a aplicação de 45 kg N ha−1 no perfilhamento da pastagem e a aplicação de 45 kg N ha−1 no perfilhamento da pastagem + 140 kg N ha−1 sobre a palhada da pastagem após a dessecação. O segundo fator estudo foi aplicado nas sub-parcelas e consistiram na aplicação de nitrogênio nas doses de 0, 100, 200 e 300 kg N ha−1 na cobertura do milho. Ainda, foram realizadas coletas das plantas de milho aos 55, 87 e 118 dias após a semeadura. O segundo experimento foi realizado no município de Pato Branco/PR durante os anos de 2016 e 2017. Os experimento foram realizados sob delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. No primeiro ano realizada a avaliação da cultura da milheto. O primeiro fator estudado foi a utilização de cobertura do solo ou pousio sobre a área. O segundo fator foi composto por épocas de aplicação de 200 kg N ha−1 do milheto (15, 30 e 45 dias após a semeadura). Ainda, foram realizadas coletas de plantas aos 20, 27, 34, 41, 48, 55, 62 e 69 dias após a semeadura. Para o segundo ano foi realizada a avaliação o da cultura do milho. O primeiro fator avaliado foram doses de N aplicados sobre a palhada da pastagem (0 e 150 kg N ha−1). J´a o segundo fator foi composto por doses de N aplicado na cobertura da cultura do milho cultivado em sequência (0 e 150 ha−1). Também foram realizadas coletas de plantas aos 37, 44, 51, 58, 69, 90 e 149 dias após a semeadura da cultura do milho. O terceiro experimento foi realizado no município de Paraíso das Águas/MS durante a safra 2019/2020. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. O primeiro fator estudado foram doses de potássio aplicados sobre a palhada da pastagem (0 e 120 kg K2O ha−1). O segundo fator foi composto por doses de potássio (0, 30, 60 e 120 kg K2O ha−1) aplicados na cobertura da cultura da soja. Foram realizadas coletas de litter-bags aos 0, 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias após a deposição. A aplicação de nitrogênio de forma antecipada sobre a pastagem e sobre a sua palhada resultam em melhores condições nutricionais e produtividade de grãos da cultura do milho, sendo uma alternativa a ser utilizada nas propriedades. Além disso, a ferramenta de curvas de diluição se mostrou como uma boa indicadora do status nutricional das plantas de milho. Para a antecipacção da adubação, a aplicação realizada aos 15 dias após a semeadura foi a que apresentou melhores resultados para a cultura do milheto. O cultivo do milheto em locais que apresentavam cobertura do solo resultaram em plantas mais bem nutridas para nitrogênio. Ainda, a antecipação da adubação nitrogenada sobre a palhada de aveia-preta não prejudica a produção de grãos e a nutrição de plantas de milho. A antecipação da adubação de potássio em solo arenoso pode ser realizada sem prejuízos sobre a produção de grãos de soja. A aplicação de potássio sobre a braquíaria altera sua cinética de decomposição e liberação de nutrientes. Não houveram indícios de perdas de potássio através da lixiviação no solo. 2022-12-02T12:40:52Z 2022-12-02T12:40:52Z 2022-08-30 doctoralThesis KAGIMURA, Luryan Tairini. Adubação de sistemas: antecipação de nitrogênio e potássio em solos arenosos e argilosos. 2022. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia) - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Pato Branco, 2022. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/30232 por openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ application/pdf Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná Pato Branco Brasil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia UTFPR
institution Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
collection RIUT
language Português
topic Agricultura sustentável
Adubos e fertilizantes
Plantas - Nutrição
Sustainable agriculture
Fertilizers
Plants - Nutrition
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA
Agronomia
spellingShingle Agricultura sustentável
Adubos e fertilizantes
Plantas - Nutrição
Sustainable agriculture
Fertilizers
Plants - Nutrition
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA
Agronomia
Kagimura, Luryan Tairini
Adubação de sistemas: antecipação de nitrogênio e potássio em solos arenosos e argilosos
description The use of sustainable activities has been increasing in recent years. Factors related to population growth expectations, increased food production and the irrational use of fertilizers have been pressuring the agricultural sector in search of more efficient management. Among the main practices that can be used, the Integrated Crop-Livestock- System, the No-till, and the use of Fertilization-Level Systems, using nutrient cycling, stand out. Although these practices can be used on farms, there is still a need for further studies related to the type of soil, its management, nutrient dynamics, and the effect on plants. Based on this, the objective of the work was to understand the effect of fertilization systems for nitrogen and potassium in clayey and sandy soils. The present work was composed of three different experimental protocols. The first experiment was conducted in the municipality of Catanduvas/PR in the 2018/2019 harvest. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with four repetitions and subdivided plots in time and space. The treatments consisted of two strategies for anticipating nitrogen fertilization, with the application of 45 kg N ha−1 at pasture tillage and the application of 45 kg N ha−1 at pasture tillage + 140 kg N ha−1 on the pasture straw after desiccation. The second study factor was applied to the subplots and consisted of nitrogen application at doses of 0, 100, 200, and 300 kg N ha−1 on corn cover crop. In addition, corn plants were collected at 55, 87, and 118 days after sowing. The second experiment was conducted in the municipality of Pato Branco/PR in the years 2016 and 2017. The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with four repetitions. In the first year, the millet crop was evaluated. The first factor studied was the use of ground cover or fallow on the area. The second factor was composed of application periods of 200 kg N ha−1 of millet (15, 30, and 45 days after sowing). Also, plant collections were performed at 20, 27, 34, 41, 48, 55, 62, and 69 days after sowing. For the second year, the corn crop was evaluated. The first factor evaluated was N doses applied to the pasture straw (0 and 150 kg N ha−1). The second factor was composed of N doses applied on the corn crop cover grown in sequence (0 and 150 ha−1). Plant collections were also performed at 37, 44, 51, 58, 69, 90, and 149 days after sowing the corn crop. The third experiment was conducted in the municipality of Para´ıso das A´ guas/MS during the 2019/2020 crop. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four repetitions. The first factor studied was potassium doses applied on the pasture straw (0 and 120 kg K2O ha−1). The second factor was potassium doses (0, 30, 60, and 120 kg K2O ha−1) applied to the soybean crop cover crop. Collections of litter-bags were made at 0, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after deposition. The early application of nitrogen on the pasture and its stubble results in better nutritional conditions and grain productivity of the corn crop, being an alternative to be used in the properties. Furthermore, the dilution curves tool was shown to be a good indicator of the nutritional status of corn plants. For the anticipation of fertilization, the application performed 15 days after sowing was the one that presented the best results for the millet crop. The cultivation of millet in places that presented ground cover resulted in plants better nourished for nitrogen. Moreover, the anticipation of nitrogen fertilization on black oat straw does not harm the grain yield and nutrition of corn plants. The anticipation of potassium fertilization on sandy soil can be carried out without affecting the grain yield of soybeans. Potassium application on brachiaria alters its decomposition kinetics and nutrient release. There was no evidence of potassium losses through leaching into the soil.
format Tese
author Kagimura, Luryan Tairini
author_sort Kagimura, Luryan Tairini
title Adubação de sistemas: antecipação de nitrogênio e potássio em solos arenosos e argilosos
title_short Adubação de sistemas: antecipação de nitrogênio e potássio em solos arenosos e argilosos
title_full Adubação de sistemas: antecipação de nitrogênio e potássio em solos arenosos e argilosos
title_fullStr Adubação de sistemas: antecipação de nitrogênio e potássio em solos arenosos e argilosos
title_full_unstemmed Adubação de sistemas: antecipação de nitrogênio e potássio em solos arenosos e argilosos
title_sort adubação de sistemas: antecipação de nitrogênio e potássio em solos arenosos e argilosos
publisher Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
publishDate 2022
citation KAGIMURA, Luryan Tairini. Adubação de sistemas: antecipação de nitrogênio e potássio em solos arenosos e argilosos. 2022. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia) - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Pato Branco, 2022.
url http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/30232
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score 10,814766