Características morfogênicas e estruturais de cultivares diploides e tetraploides de azevém

The annual ryegrass is a commonly used winter forage in the southern region of Brazil, due to its characteristics of production, quality and adaptability. For this extensive use, the research is being focused on improving characteristics by inducing polyploidy, that can bring gains in quality, unifo...

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Autor principal: Kagimura, Luryan Tairini
Formato: Dissertação
Idioma: Português
Publicado em: Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná 2018
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spelling riut-1-30512019-05-20T15:19:20Z Características morfogênicas e estruturais de cultivares diploides e tetraploides de azevém Morphogenic and structural characteristics of diploid and tetraploid cultivars of ryegrass Kagimura, Luryan Tairini Soares, André Brugnara http://lattes.cnpq.br/8437766432982210 Elejalde, Denise Adelaide Gomes http://lattes.cnpq.br/2338386430213093 Pontes, Laíse da Silveira Schmitt, Daniel Glienke, Carine Lisete Soares, André Bruganara Azevem Plantas - Variação Forragem Lollium perene Plants - Variation Forage CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS Fitotecnia The annual ryegrass is a commonly used winter forage in the southern region of Brazil, due to its characteristics of production, quality and adaptability. For this extensive use, the research is being focused on improving characteristics by inducing polyploidy, that can bring gains in quality, uniformity, sugar content and leaf size. However, studies of ploidy found no differences. Thus, morphogenesis becomes an interesting tool to be used in order to distinguish groups of ploidy. The objective of this work was to evaluate morphogenic and structural characteristics of diploid and tetraploid cultivars of annual ryegrass under grazing. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replicates. Two diploid cultivars (BRS Estações and Nibbio) and two tetraploids (Barjumbo and KLM 138) were used. The sowing was performed with density of 20 (diploids) and 25 (tetraploid) kg ha-1. Base fertilization was performed with 250 kg ha-1 of 08-02-15 and nitrogen fertilization cover of 150 kg N ha-1 applied twice. The cultivars were submitted to the "mobgrazing" grazing method, with the use of Crioula mares. The recommended heights were 25 cm and 10 cm. To evaluate the morphogenic characteristics, the "marked tiller" technique was used, and nine tillers per experimental unit were evaluated in three campaigns of six evaluations. Leaf number were measured, development and length of the blades, length of senescence, pseudoculm long and extended tiller. The data were analyzed through the SAS statistical program, and the means were compared by Student's t-test with a significance level of 5%. The highest rates of net and leaf accumulation were obtained by tetraploid cultivars. In addition, the senescence rate was also higher for these, along with the BRS Estações. It should be noted that the accumulation rate of stem is higher for Barjumbo, due to the rate of pseudoculm stretching, which possibly also contributed to the rate of total accumulation. The leaf elongation rate was also higher for the tetraploids, being the possible cause of the rates of leaf and liquid accumulation. The phyllochron, foliar appearance rate and length of elongation revealed that tetraploid cultivars presented rapid growth and tissue renewal, requiring shorter intervals between grazing. On the other hand, the diploids should be handled with larger intervals. Tetraploid cultivars also had a longer leaf length, which may lead to higher leaf production and radiation uptake, as the number of live leaves per tiller did not vary among cultivars. Also, there was no trend among groups for the population density of tillers, with diploids and KLM 138 having higher values. Also, there was a compensating effect of the leaf area per tiller, and the tetraploid cultivars obtained the lowest and the highest result. O azevém anual é uma forrageira hibernal muito utilizada na região Sul do Brasil, por conta de suas características de produção, qualidade e adaptabilidade. Por conta dessa vasta utilização, as pesquisas estão voltadas para a melhoria de características através da indução à poliploidia, que pode trazer ganhos em qualidade, uniformidade, teor de açúcares e tamanho de folhas. Porém, estudos realizados entre ploidias não encontraram diferenças para as mesmas . Assim, a morfogênese se torna uma ferramenta interessante a ser utilizada a fim de distinguir os grupos de ploidia. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar características morfogênicas e estruturais de cultivares diploides e tetraploides de azevém anual sob pastejo. O experimento foi realizado no município de Pato Branco – PR no ano de 2014. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Foram utilizadas duas cultivares diploides (BRS Estações e Nibbio) e duas tetraploides (Barjumbo e KLM 138). A semeadura foi realizada com densidade de 20 (diploides) e 25 (tetraploides) kg ha-1. Foi realizada adubação de base com 250 kg ha-1 de 08-02-15 e adubação nitrogenada de cobertura de 150 kg N ha-1 fracionada em duas aplicações. As cultivares foram submetidas ao método de pastejo “mob-grazing”, com utilização de éguas da raça Crioula. A altura de entrada de manejo foi de 25 cm e de saída de 10 cm. Para avaliação das características morfogênicas foi utilizada o método de “perfilhos marcados”, sendo avaliados nove perfilhos por unidade experimental, em três campanhas de seis avaliações. Foram mensuradas o número de folhas, desenvolvimento e comprimento de lâminas, das senescências, do pseudocolmo e perfilho estendido. Os dados foram analisados através do programa estatístico SAS, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste “t” de Student com nível de significância de 5%. As maiores taxas de acúmulo líquido e de lâminas foram obtidas pelas cultivares tetraploides. Além disso, a taxa da senescência também foi maior para essas, bem como para BRS Estações. Destacase o fato da taxa de acúmulo de colmos ser maior para Barjumbo, por conta da taxa de alongamento de pseudocolmo, o que possivelmente também contribuiu para a taxa de acúmulo total. A taxa de alongamento foliar também foi maior para as tetraploides, sendo a possível causa das maiores taxas de acúmulo líquido. O filocrono, a taxa de aparecimento foliar e o tempo de duração da elongação revelaram que as cultivares tetraploides apresentam rápido crescimento e renovação dos tecidos, necessitando de menores intervalos entre pastejos. Por outro lado, as diploides podem ser pastejadas com maior frequência. Cultivares tetraploides também apresentaram maior comprimento final de lâminas, o que pode levar a maior produção de forragem e captação de radiação, visto que o número de folhas vivas por perfilho não variou entre as cultivares. Ainda, não houve diferença entre grupos na densidade populacional de perfilhos, contudo as diploides e a KLM 138 apresentaram maiores valores. Ainda, houve um efeito de compensação do índice de área foliar por perfilho e densidade populacional de perfilhos, sendo que as tetraploides obtiveram o menor e o maior resultado. 2018-03-29T13:35:16Z 2018-03-29T13:35:16Z 2017-12-13 masterThesis KAGIMURA, Luryan Tairini. Características morfogênicas e estruturais de cultivares diploides e tetraploides de azevém. 2017. 60 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Pato Branco, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/3051 por openAccess application/pdf Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná Pato Branco Brasil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia UTFPR
institution Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
collection RIUT
language Português
topic Azevem
Plantas - Variação
Forragem
Lollium perene
Plants - Variation
Forage
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS
Fitotecnia
spellingShingle Azevem
Plantas - Variação
Forragem
Lollium perene
Plants - Variation
Forage
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS
Fitotecnia
Kagimura, Luryan Tairini
Características morfogênicas e estruturais de cultivares diploides e tetraploides de azevém
description The annual ryegrass is a commonly used winter forage in the southern region of Brazil, due to its characteristics of production, quality and adaptability. For this extensive use, the research is being focused on improving characteristics by inducing polyploidy, that can bring gains in quality, uniformity, sugar content and leaf size. However, studies of ploidy found no differences. Thus, morphogenesis becomes an interesting tool to be used in order to distinguish groups of ploidy. The objective of this work was to evaluate morphogenic and structural characteristics of diploid and tetraploid cultivars of annual ryegrass under grazing. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replicates. Two diploid cultivars (BRS Estações and Nibbio) and two tetraploids (Barjumbo and KLM 138) were used. The sowing was performed with density of 20 (diploids) and 25 (tetraploid) kg ha-1. Base fertilization was performed with 250 kg ha-1 of 08-02-15 and nitrogen fertilization cover of 150 kg N ha-1 applied twice. The cultivars were submitted to the "mobgrazing" grazing method, with the use of Crioula mares. The recommended heights were 25 cm and 10 cm. To evaluate the morphogenic characteristics, the "marked tiller" technique was used, and nine tillers per experimental unit were evaluated in three campaigns of six evaluations. Leaf number were measured, development and length of the blades, length of senescence, pseudoculm long and extended tiller. The data were analyzed through the SAS statistical program, and the means were compared by Student's t-test with a significance level of 5%. The highest rates of net and leaf accumulation were obtained by tetraploid cultivars. In addition, the senescence rate was also higher for these, along with the BRS Estações. It should be noted that the accumulation rate of stem is higher for Barjumbo, due to the rate of pseudoculm stretching, which possibly also contributed to the rate of total accumulation. The leaf elongation rate was also higher for the tetraploids, being the possible cause of the rates of leaf and liquid accumulation. The phyllochron, foliar appearance rate and length of elongation revealed that tetraploid cultivars presented rapid growth and tissue renewal, requiring shorter intervals between grazing. On the other hand, the diploids should be handled with larger intervals. Tetraploid cultivars also had a longer leaf length, which may lead to higher leaf production and radiation uptake, as the number of live leaves per tiller did not vary among cultivars. Also, there was no trend among groups for the population density of tillers, with diploids and KLM 138 having higher values. Also, there was a compensating effect of the leaf area per tiller, and the tetraploid cultivars obtained the lowest and the highest result.
format Dissertação
author Kagimura, Luryan Tairini
author_sort Kagimura, Luryan Tairini
title Características morfogênicas e estruturais de cultivares diploides e tetraploides de azevém
title_short Características morfogênicas e estruturais de cultivares diploides e tetraploides de azevém
title_full Características morfogênicas e estruturais de cultivares diploides e tetraploides de azevém
title_fullStr Características morfogênicas e estruturais de cultivares diploides e tetraploides de azevém
title_full_unstemmed Características morfogênicas e estruturais de cultivares diploides e tetraploides de azevém
title_sort características morfogênicas e estruturais de cultivares diploides e tetraploides de azevém
publisher Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
publishDate 2018
citation KAGIMURA, Luryan Tairini. Características morfogênicas e estruturais de cultivares diploides e tetraploides de azevém. 2017. 60 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Pato Branco, 2017.
url http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/3051
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score 10,814766