Avaliação da toxicidade dos rios do Campo e Km 119 no município de Campo Mourão-PR, sob influência de atividades antrópicas
The surface water bodies are the most used in different activities that are developed in a region, mainly because they are easy to extract. Anthropogenic activities have been diversifying more, rising the number of intended uses for water and, in a concentrated or dispersed way, they cause the great...
| Autor principal: | Mendes, Sabrina Altmeyer |
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| Formato: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | Português |
| Publicado em: |
Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
2020
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| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: |
http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/4993 |
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| Resumo: |
The surface water bodies are the most used in different activities that are developed in a region, mainly because they are easy to extract. Anthropogenic activities have been diversifying more, rising the number of intended uses for water and, in a concentrated or dispersed way, they cause the greater degradation of the surface water. Through the discharge of effluents, drainage of rainwater and runoff in agricultural and urban areas, various chemical compounds enter the receiving water resources, polluting the environment and causing problems related to the health and well-being of humans and different organisms that inhabit or make use of these resources. Therefore, it is necessary to preserve the quality of the water sources and not to contaminate the small amount of surface fresh water that is still available. In the municipality of Campo
Mourão - PR, there are two main water bodies that are used for different purposes: the Campo River and the Km 119 River. The areas around these rivers are occupied mainly by agriculture, urbanization and industries, which has contributed to the vulnerability of the environment and the public supply system. Considering these activities developed around these water bodies and the importance of both for the municipality of Campo Mourão - PR, the present study aims to evaluate the contamination of the water by physical - chemical analysis and by ecotoxicological bioassays such as Allium cepa, Lactuca sativa and Artemia salina. The physical-chemical
analysis showed that phosphate is the most persistent compound in the evaluated ecosystem. In addition, the parameters color, turbidity and ammonia nitrogen presented concentrations that exceeded the maximum values allowed by the current law. These parameters are associated with the presence of dissolved solids from antropic actions, such as domestic and industrial sewage release. Through the toxicity analysis, the sampled points situated near the anthropized areas had presented citotoxicity to the meristematic cells of A. cepa roots. However, the rivers water samples did not show genotoxic characteristics. The germination percentage analysis of L. sativa seeds, made to evaluate water bodies phytotoxicity, showed that only the point P6 had phytotoxic potential. Regarding the obtained results by A. salina test, the water of the sampled
points were very toxic to the larvae of these microcrustaceans: the sampled points P2, P4, P6 and P8 of the rain period induced the mortality of 60% of the larvae. In the dry period, this index has grown at least 20%. Because of the study results and aiming the conservation and improvement of the water quality of the Campo River and the Km 119 River, the use of bioremediation techniques, phytoremediation with floating gardens with Pontederia parviflora Alexander more especifically, are recomended to meet the multiple uses of these resources. |
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