Intensidades de campos elétricos em centros cirúrgicos: um estudo in situ
The aim of this paper is to present a study of measurement of the intensity of electric fields in a surgery room coming from radio frequency broadcasting sources located in Curitiba, Paraná. This is a result of an increase in cellular telephony and, consequently, of its transmission towers which, a...
| Autor principal: | Moura, Marcos Antonio Muniz de |
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| Formato: | Dissertação |
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Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
2014
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riut-1-9182015-03-07T06:17:13Z Intensidades de campos elétricos em centros cirúrgicos: um estudo in situ Moura, Marcos Antonio Muniz de Nohama, Percy Campos elétricos - Medição Radiofreqüência Centros cirúrgicos Engenharia biomédica Electric fields - Measurement Radio frequency Surgical clinics Biomedical engineering The aim of this paper is to present a study of measurement of the intensity of electric fields in a surgery room coming from radio frequency broadcasting sources located in Curitiba, Paraná. This is a result of an increase in cellular telephony and, consequently, of its transmission towers which, along with radio and TV antennas, radio service calls, wireless networks, internet connections by means of radio waves, microwave ovens, police and firefighters radio calls, radio taxi service calls, amateur radio service, GPS, and so on, produce a kind of electromagnetic pollution “in the air”. Such pollution might cause problems for the environment as well as for people’s health and there might even be some interference concerning the technologies themselves, which might cause equipment to perform unpredictable functions. Thus, it is important to become aware of the level of the intensity of these fields, especially concerning hospitals where human lives might be in danger when they depend on equipment that is likely to fail due to the presence of these magnetic fields. The results obtained in our study are compared to those recommended by the main regulating agencies. After selecting a hospital with the greatest number of antennas around, we built an experimental setup inside a surgery room, observing the minimum distance required between the walls, between the ceiling and the floor, light equipment, and among the antennas. The set up was located 1920 cm to the front and 900 cm to the right lateral position, which served as reference for placing the GPS equipment in order to obtain geographical coordinates. The equipment used involved a selective signal receiver, a notebook with a software used to receive signals and collect data, a selective antenna and isotropic electric field measurement equipment. Eleven TV channels, 16 FM radio stations and 13 radio-based stations (cellular telephony stations) have been selected. Concerning selective measurement, the result obtained was 0,005 V/m and, when compared to the most rigorous recommendation (ONIR/Switzerland) which is 4,0 V/m, the result was 0,13% distant from the one suggested. Concerning ONIR specific band (900 & 1900), that is, GSM, our study has found 0,0068 V/m or 0,14% when compared to the results recommended by ONIR for occupational exposure and 0,17% for people’s exposure in general. Concerning medical equipment, our study has found 1,75 V/m, compared to 3 V/m, expected according to NBR/IEC60601-1-2, that is, the measured field was 58,33% lower than the one recommended. Therefore, we recommend that some actions be taken such as: adopting the Precautionary Principle, which proposes anticipated protective measures in relation to uncertainties and/or unknown risks, for using broadcasting equipment; demanding that all broadcasting facilities observe Environmental Impact Assessment Studies/EIRs – Neighboring Community Environmental Impact Studies; and, finally, performing periodical measurement of the surroundings in order to check the increase in magnetic fields from other sources which produce magnetic field pollution. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de medições de intensidades de campos elétrico em um centro cirúrgico, oriundos de fontes de radiofreqüência comerciais operando na cidade de Curitiba, no Paraná. Com o aumento da telefonia celular e, por conseguinte, de suas torres somando-se às antenas de televisões, rádios, rádios chamadas, redes de dados sem fio, internet por ondas de rádio, microondas, serviço de rádio da polícia, dos bombeiros, de rádio táxi, rádio amador, GPS, etc., o que acaba provocando um tipo de poluição eletromagnética “no ar”. Tal poluição pode trazer problemas tanto para o meio ambiente como para a saúde e, entre as tecnologias, possíveis interferências entre as mesmas podendo, por vezes, levar equipamentos a executarem funções imprevisíveis. Conhecer os valores de intensidade desses campos torna-se relevante, principalmente em um hospital onde vidas humanas podem estar a perigo quando conectadas a equipamentos susceptíveis a falhar em suas funções devido à presença desses campos. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho são comparados com os recomendados pelas principais agências regulamentadoras. Após definido um hospital com o maior número de antenas em seu contorno, montou-se um setup de ensaios em seu centro cirúrgico, observando as distâncias mínimas possíveis entre paredes, teto, chão, luminária e entre as antenas. O setup encontra-se a 1920 cm na direção frontal e a 900 cm na direção lateral direita, posição essas que serviram como referência para o posicionamento do GPS no terraço para a obtenção das coordenadas geográficas. Os equipamentos utilizados foram: um receptor de sinais seletivos, um notebook com um software utilizado na operação do receptor e na aquisição dos dados, uma antena seletiva e um medidor de campo elétrico isotrópico. Foram selecionados 11 canais de televisões, 16 de rádios FM e 13 estações de rádio base (telefonia celular). Nos resultados das medições seletivas, os valores encontrados de 0,005 V/m comparados com as recomendações mais rigorosas (ONIR/Suíça) que é de 4,0 V/m ficando então os valores medidos 0,13% desse valor. Na faixa especifica da ONIR (900 & 1900), ou seja, GSM, este trabalho encontrou 0,0068 V/m ou 0,14% em relação aos valores preconizados por ela para as exposições ocupacionais e de 0,17% para o público em geral.Em questão dos equipamentos médicos obteve-se 1,75 V/m medido contra 3 V/m da norma NBR/IEC60601-1-2, ou seja, um campo medido de 58,33% menor do valor aconselhado. Este trabalho recomenda principalmente: adotar o Princípio da Precaução, que prevê medidas protetoras antecipadas perante as incertezas e/ou riscos desconhecidos, na operação dos transmissores; exigir que todas as instalações de transmissores tenham EIA/RIMA-EIV e; realizar periodicamente medições no contorno desses transmissores para verificar o incremento dos campos elétricos de outras fontes, que se somaram aos dos mesmos. 2014-08-18T22:06:13Z 2014-08-18T22:06:13Z 2007-12-11 masterThesis MOURA, Marcos Antonio Muniz de. Intensidades de campos elétricos em centros cirúrgicos: um estudo in situ. 2007. 347 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Elétrica e Informática Industrial) – Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 2007. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/918 por application/pdf Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná Curitiba Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica e Informática Industrial |
| institution |
Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná |
| collection |
RIUT |
| language |
Português |
| topic |
Campos elétricos - Medição Radiofreqüência Centros cirúrgicos Engenharia biomédica Electric fields - Measurement Radio frequency Surgical clinics Biomedical engineering |
| spellingShingle |
Campos elétricos - Medição Radiofreqüência Centros cirúrgicos Engenharia biomédica Electric fields - Measurement Radio frequency Surgical clinics Biomedical engineering Moura, Marcos Antonio Muniz de Intensidades de campos elétricos em centros cirúrgicos: um estudo in situ |
| description |
The aim of this paper is to present a study of measurement of the intensity of electric fields in a surgery room coming from radio frequency broadcasting sources located in Curitiba, Paraná. This is a result of an increase in cellular telephony and, consequently, of its transmission towers which, along with radio and TV antennas, radio service calls, wireless networks, internet connections by means of radio waves, microwave ovens, police and firefighters radio calls, radio taxi service calls, amateur radio service, GPS, and so on, produce a kind of electromagnetic pollution “in the air”. Such pollution might cause problems for the environment as well as for people’s health and there might even be some interference concerning the technologies themselves, which might cause equipment to perform unpredictable functions. Thus, it is important to become aware of the level of the intensity of these fields, especially concerning hospitals where human lives might be in danger when they depend on equipment that is likely to fail due to the presence of these magnetic fields. The results obtained in our study are compared to those recommended by the main regulating agencies. After selecting a hospital with the greatest number of antennas around, we built an experimental setup inside a surgery room, observing the minimum distance required between the walls, between the ceiling and the floor, light equipment, and among the antennas. The set up was located 1920 cm to the front and 900 cm to the right lateral position, which served as reference for placing the GPS equipment in order to obtain geographical coordinates. The equipment used involved a selective signal receiver, a notebook with a software used to receive signals and collect data, a selective antenna and isotropic electric field measurement equipment. Eleven TV channels, 16 FM radio stations and 13 radio-based stations (cellular telephony stations) have been selected. Concerning selective measurement, the result obtained was 0,005 V/m and, when compared to the most rigorous recommendation (ONIR/Switzerland) which is 4,0 V/m, the result was 0,13% distant from the one suggested. Concerning ONIR specific band (900 & 1900), that is, GSM, our study has found 0,0068 V/m or 0,14% when compared to the results recommended by ONIR for occupational exposure and 0,17% for people’s exposure in general. Concerning medical equipment, our study has found 1,75 V/m, compared to 3 V/m, expected according to NBR/IEC60601-1-2, that is, the measured field was 58,33% lower than the one recommended. Therefore, we recommend that some actions be taken such as: adopting the Precautionary Principle, which proposes anticipated protective measures in relation to uncertainties and/or unknown risks, for using broadcasting equipment; demanding that all broadcasting facilities observe Environmental Impact Assessment Studies/EIRs – Neighboring Community Environmental Impact Studies; and, finally, performing periodical measurement of the surroundings in order to check the increase in magnetic fields from other sources which produce magnetic field pollution. |
| format |
Dissertação |
| author |
Moura, Marcos Antonio Muniz de |
| author_sort |
Moura, Marcos Antonio Muniz de |
| title |
Intensidades de campos elétricos em centros cirúrgicos: um estudo in situ |
| title_short |
Intensidades de campos elétricos em centros cirúrgicos: um estudo in situ |
| title_full |
Intensidades de campos elétricos em centros cirúrgicos: um estudo in situ |
| title_fullStr |
Intensidades de campos elétricos em centros cirúrgicos: um estudo in situ |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Intensidades de campos elétricos em centros cirúrgicos: um estudo in situ |
| title_sort |
intensidades de campos elétricos em centros cirúrgicos: um estudo in situ |
| publisher |
Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| citation |
MOURA, Marcos Antonio Muniz de. Intensidades de campos elétricos em centros cirúrgicos: um estudo in situ. 2007. 347 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Elétrica e Informática Industrial) – Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 2007. |
| url |
http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/918 |
| _version_ |
1805310634280091648 |
| score |
10,814766 |