Dinâmica de fluidos computacional aplicada à simulação de reator eletroquímico destinado ao tratamento de efluente têxtil
The textile industry produces great amounts of wastewater as a byproduct of its productive process, which contain high pollutant potential, due to the presence of dyes. These are potentially toxic and high undegradable compounds, from which the Blue Reactive 5G is one of the most used. The treatment...
| Autor principal: | Gasparovic, Claudia Luiza Manfredi |
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Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
2018
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riut-1-29372018-05-02T14:16:03Z Dinâmica de fluidos computacional aplicada à simulação de reator eletroquímico destinado ao tratamento de efluente têxtil Computational fluid dynamics applied to the simulation of an electrochemical reactor for the treatment of textile wastewater Gasparovic, Claudia Luiza Manfredi Eyng, Eduardo http://lattes.cnpq.br/1101075438495044 Frare, Laercio Mantovani http://lattes.cnpq.br/7676033878331606 Eyng, Eduardo Frare, Laercio Mantovani Errera, Marcelo Risso Lukasievicz, Gustavo Vinicius Bassi Resíduos industriais - Aspectos ambientais Dinâmica dos fluidos Corantes Factory and trade waste - Environmental aspects Fluid dynamics Colorings matter CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::CIENCIA DA COMPUTACAO::MATEMATICA DA COMPUTACAO::MODELOS ANALITICOS E DE SIMULACAO Engenharia Sanitária The textile industry produces great amounts of wastewater as a byproduct of its productive process, which contain high pollutant potential, due to the presence of dyes. These are potentially toxic and high undegradable compounds, from which the Blue Reactive 5G is one of the most used. The treatment of such wastewaters is generally accomplished through conventional coagulation and flocculation techniques, which make use of great amounts of aluminum and iron salts. As such, the substitution of these chemical coagulants for alternative technologies such as electrocoagulation may bring great advantages. The process consists in the destabilization of pollutants in aqueous medium by means of the in situ production of coagulant ions by applying electrical current to sacrificial electrodes. Although the process' efficiency is proven, even for the treatment of textile wastewaters, electrocoagulation is still not a consolidated technique, due mainly to the lack of systematic methodologies for the project and scale up of reactors, especially continuous flow ones. Several approaches for modeling and simulation in scientific literature aim to solve this problem, the most promising of which being the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), which may be coupled to several physics, although it is usually coupled only to electrochemistry. The goal of this study was to couple the CFD technique to a kinetic model, experimentally adjusted, for the removal of the Blue Reactive 5G dye from synthetic wastewater through the electrocoagulation technique, aiming to predict the concentration profile in a continuous flow reactor. The reactor is a 8,5 L tank with monopolar connections and four pairs of iron electrodes, which also work as baffles. In order to obtain the kinetic model of the reaction, experiments were carried out in a batch electrocoagulation system with iron electrodes, in which the variables were initial dye concentration (C0) and current density (j) applied to the electrodes. Three kinds of kinetic models were test for the adjust: model based on molar balance, adsorption models and sigmoidal models, from which the logistic sigmoidal model obtained the best adjustment, presenting R² above 90%. Since the model does not include the iron species, preliminary tests were made in the continuous flow reactor, in order to determine the flux influence on the iron distribution through the reactor, as well as the local, in the reactor, were the reaction starts. The flow rates of 0,5 L.min-1 and 2 L.min-1 were tested, and it was noted that, for the low flow rate, there is a reflux of iron, which accumulated before the first electrode, which does not happen for the higher flow rate. For the fluid flow model in the reactor, considerations were made for a incompressible laminar flow and stationary state, and the effect of electrochemical phenomena in the flow and transport of substances, such as gas bubbles and ironic migration, were not considered. The simulation for the continuous flow reactor was performed in the software COMSOL Multiphysics v.5.2®, which makes use of the Finite Elements Method to solve the partial differential equations of continuity and Navier-Stokes. The response variables considered were fluid velocity and dye concentration, and the modules CFD (laminar flow interface) and Transport of Diluted Species (TDS) were used, with weak coupling between the physics. A convergence study was carried out in order to choose the appropriate mesh for the simulation. Three simulations of the concentration profile in the reactor were carried out, with a current density of 8,65 mA.cm-2, respective initial dye concentrations of 45, 25 and 40 mg.L-1 and flow rates of 0,5 L.min-1 for the two first studies and 2 L.min-1 for the third. Experiments were performed with the same conditions as the simulations, samples were collected with mesh of 23 points in the reactor and the results of predicted and observed concentration were compared. The results showed that the proposed model allowed to predict the concentration profile in the reactor with reasonable success, within a low velocity flow range, taking into account the limitations inherent to the model. Therefore, the proposed methodology appears very promising for that, once perfected, the model may assist in the reactor design case to case, as well as aid filling the gap regarding a systematic methodology for reactor project and scale-up, which is the main barrier in expanding the technology. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná O setor industrial têxtil gera em seu processo produtivo grande volume de efluentes líquidos, que possuem elevado potencial poluidor devido à presença de corantes. Esses são compostos potencialmente tóxicos e de difícil degradabilidade, dos quais destaca-se o Azul Reativo 5G. O tratamento desses efluentes é geralmente realizado por técnicas convencionais de coagulação e floculação, as quais utilizam grandes quantidades de sais de alumínio e ferro. A substituição de coagulantes químicos por tecnologias alternativas como a eletrofloculação pode trazer grandes vantagens. Este processo consiste na desestabilização de poluentes em meio aquoso por meio da produção in situ de íons coagulantes pela aplicação de corrente elétrica a eletrodos de sacrifício. Embora possua eficiência comprovada, inclusive para efluentes têxteis, a eletrofloculação ainda não é uma técnica consolidada, devido principalmente à ausência de metodologias sistemáticas para o projeto e dimensionamento de reatores, em especial os de fluxo contínuo. Diversas abordagens de modelagem e simulação na literatura buscam resolver esse problema, das quais destaca-se a Dinâmica de Fluidos Computacional (CFD) como a mais promissora, podendo ser acoplada a várias físicas, embora comumente seja acoplada apenas à eletroquímica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi acoplar a técnica de CFD a um modelo cinético ajustado experimentalmente para a remoção do corante Azul Reativo 5G de solução sintética por meio de eletrofloculação, visando predizer o perfil de concentração em um reator de fluxo contínuo. O reator contínuo estudado possui volume útil de 8,5 L, é do tipo monopolar, e possui quatro pares de eletrodos de ferro para o tratamento, dispostos como chicanas. Para obtenção do modelo para a cinética da reação, foram realizados experimentos com o sistema de eletrofloculação em batelada com eletrodos de ferro, em que as variáveis foram concentração inicial de corante (C0) e densidade de corrente (j) aplicada aos eletrodos. Testou-se o ajuste de três tipos de modelos cinéticos aos dados experimentais: modelo com base no balanço molar, modelos de adsorção e modelos sigmoidais, dos quais o modelo sigmoidal logístico, obteve melhor ajuste, com valores de R² acima de 90%. Como o modelo não inclui a espécie ferro, foram feitos ensaios preliminares no módulo de fluxo contínuo, para determinar a influência do fluxo na distribuição de ferro ao longo do reator, bem como o ponto no reator onde a reação tem início. Testou-se as vazões de 0,5 L.min-1 e de 2 L.min-1, e observou-se que para a vazão baixa, há retorno de ferro e acúmulo antes do primeiro eletrodo, o que não ocorre para a vazão mais alta. No modelo para o escoamento no reator considerou-se um fluido incompressível, fluxo laminar e estado estacionário, e desprezou-se a influência dos fenômenos eletroquímicos no fluxo e transporte de partículas, como a geração de bolhas de gás e migração iônica. A simulação para o reator de fluxo contínuo foi realizada no software COMSOL Multiphysics v.5.2®,que utiliza o Método dos Elementos Finitos para resolver as equações diferenciais parciais de escoamento da continuidade e de Navier-Stokes. As variáveis resposta consideradas foram a velocidade do fluido e a concentração de corante, e utilizou-se os módulos de CFD (interface de Fluxo Laminar) e de Transporte de Soluções Diluídas (TDS), com acoplamento fraco entre as físicas. Uma análise de convergência foi realizada para a escolha da malha. Foram realizadas três simulações do perfil de concentração no reator, com condição de densidade de corrente igual a 8,65 mA.cm-2, concentrações iniciais de corante respectivamente iguais a 45, 25 e 40 mg.L-1 e vazões 0,5 L.min-1 para os dois primeiros ensaios e 2 L.min-1 para o terceiro. Ensaios experimentais foram feitos com as mesmas condições, e comparou-se os resultados obtidos com uma malha de amostragem de 23 pontos. Verificou-se que o modelo proposto permitiu predizer o perfil de concentração do reator com razoável sucesso para uma faixa de trabalho de velocidades baixas de fluxo, levando em conta as limitações inerentes a ele, notadamente a ausência da influência das microbolhas. Assim, a metodologia proposta mostra-se muito promissora para que uma vez aperfeiçoado, o modelo possa vir a auxiliar no projeto de reatores caso a caso, bem como fornecer subsídios para preencher a lacuna acerca de uma metodologia sistemática de projeto e ampliação de escala. 2018-02-23T15:29:33Z 2018-02-23T15:29:33Z 2017-02-21 masterThesis GASPAROVIC, Claudia Luiza Manfredi. Dinâmica de fluidos computacional aplicada à simulação de reator eletroquímico destinado ao tratamento de efluente têxtil. 2017. 126 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologias Ambientais) - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Medianeira, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2937 por openAccess application/pdf Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná Medianeira Brasil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias Ambientais UTFPR |
| institution |
Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná |
| collection |
RIUT |
| language |
Português |
| topic |
Resíduos industriais - Aspectos ambientais Dinâmica dos fluidos Corantes Factory and trade waste - Environmental aspects Fluid dynamics Colorings matter CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::CIENCIA DA COMPUTACAO::MATEMATICA DA COMPUTACAO::MODELOS ANALITICOS E DE SIMULACAO Engenharia Sanitária |
| spellingShingle |
Resíduos industriais - Aspectos ambientais Dinâmica dos fluidos Corantes Factory and trade waste - Environmental aspects Fluid dynamics Colorings matter CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::CIENCIA DA COMPUTACAO::MATEMATICA DA COMPUTACAO::MODELOS ANALITICOS E DE SIMULACAO Engenharia Sanitária Gasparovic, Claudia Luiza Manfredi Dinâmica de fluidos computacional aplicada à simulação de reator eletroquímico destinado ao tratamento de efluente têxtil |
| description |
The textile industry produces great amounts of wastewater as a byproduct of its productive process, which contain high pollutant potential, due to the presence of dyes. These are potentially toxic and high undegradable compounds, from which the Blue Reactive 5G is one of the most used. The treatment of such wastewaters is generally accomplished through conventional coagulation and flocculation techniques, which make use of great amounts of aluminum and iron salts. As such, the substitution of these chemical coagulants for alternative technologies such as electrocoagulation may bring great advantages. The process consists in the destabilization of pollutants in aqueous medium by means of the in situ production of coagulant ions by applying electrical current to sacrificial electrodes. Although the process' efficiency is proven, even for the treatment of textile wastewaters, electrocoagulation is still not a consolidated technique, due mainly to the lack of systematic methodologies for the project and scale up of reactors, especially continuous flow ones. Several approaches for modeling and simulation in scientific literature aim to solve this problem, the most promising of which being the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), which may be coupled to several physics, although it is usually coupled only to electrochemistry. The goal of this study was to couple the CFD technique to a kinetic model, experimentally adjusted, for the removal of the Blue Reactive 5G dye from synthetic wastewater through the electrocoagulation technique, aiming to predict the concentration profile in a continuous flow reactor. The reactor is a 8,5 L tank with monopolar connections and four pairs of iron electrodes, which also work as baffles. In order to obtain the kinetic model of the reaction, experiments were carried out in a batch electrocoagulation system with iron electrodes, in which the variables were initial dye concentration (C0) and current density (j) applied to the electrodes. Three kinds of kinetic models were test for the adjust: model based on molar balance, adsorption models and sigmoidal models, from which the logistic sigmoidal model obtained the best adjustment, presenting R² above 90%. Since the model does not include the iron species, preliminary tests were made in the continuous flow reactor, in order to determine the flux influence on the iron distribution through the reactor, as well as the local, in the reactor, were the reaction starts. The flow rates of 0,5 L.min-1 and 2 L.min-1 were tested, and it was noted that, for the low flow rate, there is a reflux of iron, which accumulated before the first electrode, which does not happen for the higher flow rate. For the fluid flow model in the reactor, considerations were made for a incompressible laminar flow and stationary state, and the effect of electrochemical phenomena in the flow and transport of substances, such as gas bubbles and ironic migration, were not considered. The simulation for the continuous flow reactor was performed in the software COMSOL Multiphysics v.5.2®, which makes use of the Finite Elements Method to solve the partial differential equations of continuity and Navier-Stokes. The response variables considered were fluid velocity and dye concentration, and the modules CFD (laminar flow interface) and Transport of Diluted Species (TDS) were used, with weak coupling between the physics. A convergence study was carried out in order to choose the appropriate mesh for the simulation. Three simulations of the concentration profile in the reactor were carried out, with a current density of 8,65 mA.cm-2, respective initial dye concentrations of 45, 25 and 40 mg.L-1 and flow rates of 0,5 L.min-1 for the two first studies and 2 L.min-1 for the third. Experiments were performed with the same conditions as the simulations, samples were collected with mesh of 23 points in the reactor and the results of predicted and observed concentration were compared. The results showed that the proposed model allowed to predict the concentration profile in the reactor with reasonable success, within a low velocity flow range, taking into account the limitations inherent to the model. Therefore, the proposed methodology appears very promising for that, once perfected, the model may assist in the reactor design case to case, as well as aid filling the gap regarding a systematic methodology for reactor project and scale-up, which is the main barrier in expanding the technology. |
| format |
Dissertação |
| author |
Gasparovic, Claudia Luiza Manfredi |
| author_sort |
Gasparovic, Claudia Luiza Manfredi |
| title |
Dinâmica de fluidos computacional aplicada à simulação de reator eletroquímico destinado ao tratamento de efluente têxtil |
| title_short |
Dinâmica de fluidos computacional aplicada à simulação de reator eletroquímico destinado ao tratamento de efluente têxtil |
| title_full |
Dinâmica de fluidos computacional aplicada à simulação de reator eletroquímico destinado ao tratamento de efluente têxtil |
| title_fullStr |
Dinâmica de fluidos computacional aplicada à simulação de reator eletroquímico destinado ao tratamento de efluente têxtil |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Dinâmica de fluidos computacional aplicada à simulação de reator eletroquímico destinado ao tratamento de efluente têxtil |
| title_sort |
dinâmica de fluidos computacional aplicada à simulação de reator eletroquímico destinado ao tratamento de efluente têxtil |
| publisher |
Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná |
| publishDate |
2018 |
| citation |
GASPAROVIC, Claudia Luiza Manfredi. Dinâmica de fluidos computacional aplicada à simulação de reator eletroquímico destinado ao tratamento de efluente têxtil. 2017. 126 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologias Ambientais) - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Medianeira, 2017. |
| url |
http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2937 |
| _version_ |
1805315437198573568 |
| score |
10,814766 |