Efeito da temperatura de secagem no rendimento da extração de compostos antioxidantes da torta de chia (Salvia hispanica)

A considerable amount of residue is generated along the productive chain of chia processing industries whose oil is rich in bioactive compounds. However, the byproducts of these seeds, which in most cases are thrown away, have great nutritional potential. The objective of the present work is to inve...

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Autor principal: Santos, Casi Santos dos
Formato: Dissertação
Idioma: Português
Publicado em: Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná 2020
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spelling riut-1-49602020-05-22T06:00:57Z Efeito da temperatura de secagem no rendimento da extração de compostos antioxidantes da torta de chia (Salvia hispanica) Effect of drying temperature on antioxidant compounds extraction yield from chia cake (Salvia hispanica) Santos, Casi Santos dos Montanher, Paula Fernandes http://lattes.cnpq.br/7565400427188557 Johann, Gracielle https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8523-003X http://lattes.cnpq.br/0042481312764501 Montanher, Paula Fernandes http://lattes.cnpq.br/7565400427188557 Vítola, Francisco Menino Destéfanis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4853-1690 http://lattes.cnpq.br/9000608840261334 Santana, Audirene Amorim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1318-1141 http://lattes.cnpq.br/7431678688628387 Fenóis Solventes Antioxidantes Radicais livres (Química) Modelos matemáticos Phenols Solvents Antioxidants Free radicals (Chemistry) Mathematical models CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS Biotecnologia A considerable amount of residue is generated along the productive chain of chia processing industries whose oil is rich in bioactive compounds. However, the byproducts of these seeds, which in most cases are thrown away, have great nutritional potential. The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of drying temperature on the yield of extraction of antioxidant compounds from chia cake (Salvia hispanica). For this, the raw material was dried at temperatures of 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 ± 0.1°C until reaching the equilibrium moisture. Empirical models (Verna, Page, Newton, Two Terms, Henderson and Pabis and Page Modified) from the literature were adjusted in kinetics curves, which were plotted using the experimental data, with the aid of software Statistica 7.0 [marca registrada]. After the drying process, ultrasonic assisted extraction were applied to obtain extracts from chia cake in natura and previously dried samples by adopting the independent variables: time (15, 45 and 60 minutes) and solvent (Water, Methanol and Hexane). All extracts were submitted to analysis of antioxidant activity (DPPH and Total Phenolic) and the data were statistically analyzed (ANOVA). The dried and in natura samples were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In the drying results, it was observed that the air temperature had direct influence on the process. The empirical model that best fit the experimental data, based on statistical parameters (𝑅 2,% 𝑆𝐸𝑃, 𝐷𝑅 and 𝑅𝑀𝑆𝐸) and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was the Newton. All the independent variables were statistically significant. In the extraction, methanol solvent showed higher yield of phenolic compounds, followed by water and hexane, presenting better yields in the 60°C/60min, 50°C/45min and 50°C/45min conditions, respectively. The results showed that the polarity of the solvent was a determining factor. The hexane (non-polar) presented a much lower antioxidants compounds extraction yield than methanol (polar) and water (polar). For short extraction periods (15min), the result showed that it is economic and environmentally friendly to use water as solvent extractor. For longer extraction times (45 min and 60 min), the yield for methanol is significantly higher and therefore more economically viable. The micrographs confirm the analysis of antioxidant activity. Fresh and dry samples under 40°C presented a smooth and expanded surface that may have reduced the extraction efficiency. The dry samples at 50°C and 60°C presented a porous matrix presenting higher yields for the aqueous and methanolic extractions. However, dry samples under 70°C and 80°C showed granular character, crystalline regions and worn surfaces allowed the oxidation and the structural transformation of the antioxidant compounds, reducing yield of the extraction. It was concluded that the studied variables had an influence on the extraction yield of antioxidant compounds from chia cake. Uma considerável quantidade de resíduo é gerada ao longo da cadeia produtiva de indústrias de processamento da chia, cujo óleo é rico em compostos bioativos. No entanto, os subprodutos dessas sementes, que na maioria dos casos são descartados, apresentam um grande potencial nutritivo. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo investigar o efeito da temperatura de secagem no rendimento da extração de compostos antioxidantes da torta de chia (Salvia hispanica). Para tal, as amostras foram secas sob temperaturas de 40, 50, 60, 70 e 80 ± 0,1 °C, até atingir a umidade de equilíbrio. Modelos empíricos da literatura (Verna, Page, Newton, Dois Termos, Henderson e Pabis e Page Modificado) foram testados na descrição da cinética, obtida experimentalmente, através do software Statistica 7.0 [marca registrada]. Após a secagem, foram obtidos extratos da torta de chia in natura e previamente secas, por extração assistida por ultrassom, adotando-se as variáveis independentes: tempo (15, 45 e 60 minutos) e solvente (Água, Metanol e Hexano). Todos os extratos obtidos foram submetidos a análises de atividade antioxidante (DPPH e Fenólicos Totais) e os dados foram analisados estatisticamente (ANOVA). As amostras secas e in natura foram caracterizadas por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). Nos resultados de cinética de secagem, foi observado que a temperatura do ar apresentou influência direta no processo. O modelo empírico que melhor se ajustou aos dados experimentais, com base nos paramentos estatísticos (𝑅 2, %𝑆𝐸𝑃,𝐷𝑅 e 𝑅𝑀𝑆𝐸) e o critério de informação de Akaike (𝐴𝐼𝐶) foi o modelo de Newton. Todas as variáveis independentes foram estatisticamente significativas. Na extração, o metanol apresentou maior rendimento de compostos fenólicos, seguido da água e hexano, apresentando melhores rendimentos nas condições de 60°C/60min, 50°C/45min e 50°C/45min, respectivamente. Notou-se que a polaridade do solvente foi um fator determinante. O hexano (apolar) apresentou rendimento muito inferior ao metanol (polar) e água (polar). Para tempos curtos de extração (15 min) os resultados mostraram que é econômica e ambientalmente amigável utilizar água como solvente extrator. Para tempos maiores de extração, o rendimento para o metanol é significativamente superior sendo economicamente mais viável. As micrografias comprovam as análises de atividade antioxidante, visto que amostras in natura e secas sob 40 °C apresentaram superfície lisa e expandida o que pode ter reduzido a eficiência da extração. Já as amostras secas sob 50°C e 60°C apresentaram matriz porosa, apresentando maior rendimento para as extrações aquosas e metanólicas. No entanto, amostras secas sob 70°C e 80°C apresentaram caráter granular, regiões cristalinas e superfícies desgastadas, permitido a oxidação e a transformação estrutural dos compostos antioxidantes, reduzindo rendimento da extração. Conclui-se, que as variáveis estudadas apresentaram influência no rendimento da extração de compostos antioxidantes da torta de chia. 2020-05-21T21:44:03Z 2020-05-21T21:44:03Z 2019-07-16 masterThesis SANTOS, Casi Santos dos. Efeito da temperatura de secagem no rendimento da extração de compostos antioxidantes da torta de chia (Salvia hispanica). 2019. Dissertação (Mestrado em Biotecnologia) - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Ponta Grossa, 2019. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/4960 por openAccess application/pdf Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná Dois Vizinhos Ponta Grossa Brasil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia UTFPR
institution Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
collection RIUT
language Português
topic Fenóis
Solventes
Antioxidantes
Radicais livres (Química)
Modelos matemáticos
Phenols
Solvents
Antioxidants
Free radicals (Chemistry)
Mathematical models
CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS
Biotecnologia
spellingShingle Fenóis
Solventes
Antioxidantes
Radicais livres (Química)
Modelos matemáticos
Phenols
Solvents
Antioxidants
Free radicals (Chemistry)
Mathematical models
CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS
Biotecnologia
Santos, Casi Santos dos
Efeito da temperatura de secagem no rendimento da extração de compostos antioxidantes da torta de chia (Salvia hispanica)
description A considerable amount of residue is generated along the productive chain of chia processing industries whose oil is rich in bioactive compounds. However, the byproducts of these seeds, which in most cases are thrown away, have great nutritional potential. The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of drying temperature on the yield of extraction of antioxidant compounds from chia cake (Salvia hispanica). For this, the raw material was dried at temperatures of 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 ± 0.1°C until reaching the equilibrium moisture. Empirical models (Verna, Page, Newton, Two Terms, Henderson and Pabis and Page Modified) from the literature were adjusted in kinetics curves, which were plotted using the experimental data, with the aid of software Statistica 7.0 [marca registrada]. After the drying process, ultrasonic assisted extraction were applied to obtain extracts from chia cake in natura and previously dried samples by adopting the independent variables: time (15, 45 and 60 minutes) and solvent (Water, Methanol and Hexane). All extracts were submitted to analysis of antioxidant activity (DPPH and Total Phenolic) and the data were statistically analyzed (ANOVA). The dried and in natura samples were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In the drying results, it was observed that the air temperature had direct influence on the process. The empirical model that best fit the experimental data, based on statistical parameters (𝑅 2,% 𝑆𝐸𝑃, 𝐷𝑅 and 𝑅𝑀𝑆𝐸) and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was the Newton. All the independent variables were statistically significant. In the extraction, methanol solvent showed higher yield of phenolic compounds, followed by water and hexane, presenting better yields in the 60°C/60min, 50°C/45min and 50°C/45min conditions, respectively. The results showed that the polarity of the solvent was a determining factor. The hexane (non-polar) presented a much lower antioxidants compounds extraction yield than methanol (polar) and water (polar). For short extraction periods (15min), the result showed that it is economic and environmentally friendly to use water as solvent extractor. For longer extraction times (45 min and 60 min), the yield for methanol is significantly higher and therefore more economically viable. The micrographs confirm the analysis of antioxidant activity. Fresh and dry samples under 40°C presented a smooth and expanded surface that may have reduced the extraction efficiency. The dry samples at 50°C and 60°C presented a porous matrix presenting higher yields for the aqueous and methanolic extractions. However, dry samples under 70°C and 80°C showed granular character, crystalline regions and worn surfaces allowed the oxidation and the structural transformation of the antioxidant compounds, reducing yield of the extraction. It was concluded that the studied variables had an influence on the extraction yield of antioxidant compounds from chia cake.
format Dissertação
author Santos, Casi Santos dos
author_sort Santos, Casi Santos dos
title Efeito da temperatura de secagem no rendimento da extração de compostos antioxidantes da torta de chia (Salvia hispanica)
title_short Efeito da temperatura de secagem no rendimento da extração de compostos antioxidantes da torta de chia (Salvia hispanica)
title_full Efeito da temperatura de secagem no rendimento da extração de compostos antioxidantes da torta de chia (Salvia hispanica)
title_fullStr Efeito da temperatura de secagem no rendimento da extração de compostos antioxidantes da torta de chia (Salvia hispanica)
title_full_unstemmed Efeito da temperatura de secagem no rendimento da extração de compostos antioxidantes da torta de chia (Salvia hispanica)
title_sort efeito da temperatura de secagem no rendimento da extração de compostos antioxidantes da torta de chia (salvia hispanica)
publisher Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
publishDate 2020
citation SANTOS, Casi Santos dos. Efeito da temperatura de secagem no rendimento da extração de compostos antioxidantes da torta de chia (Salvia hispanica). 2019. Dissertação (Mestrado em Biotecnologia) - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Ponta Grossa, 2019.
url http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/4960
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score 10,814766